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Essay Subject: Existential & humanistic approaches. Examines history of ideas & treatment of dying (by Christians, Hindus, Buddhists), world literature. Stages of dying, fallacies, fears.... More...

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Paper Abstract: Existential & humanistic approaches. Examines history of ideas & treatment of dying (by Christians, Hindus, Buddhists), world literature. Stages of dying, fallacies, fears. Paper Introduction: The purpose of this research is to examine the existential and humanistic approach to death and dying. It will briefly discuss attitudes toward death throughout the history of man's various civilizations and religions. Primarily, the paper will deal with the ideas concerning death which have been held by existentialists who have been involved in the treatment of the dying and others who have been involved in death solely as members of mankind - and therefore as ones who must face it at sometime themselves. The idea of immortality has been common to most of man's answers regarding the consequences to the dead person of having died. The ancient Mesopotamians believed in a dismal underworld full of misery. The ancient Egyptians, on the other hand, believed that death could contain all the comforts and amusements Text of the Paper: The entire text of the paper is shown below. However, the text is somewhat scrambled. We want to give you as much information as we possibly can about our papers and essays, but we cannot give them away for free. In the text below you will find that while disordered, many of the phrases are essentially intact. From this text you will be able to get a solid sense of the writing style, the concepts addressed, and the sources used in the research paper. man's various civilizations andreligions Primarily the paper will deal as ones who must face it at sometimethemselves The underworld full of misery The ancientEgyptians on the other hand wandering ka returned to the bodyof the dead man he toresemble houses They laid their dead on beds In the could continue after death with asimilar life or punishmentin the traditional Christian afterlife Death has been taught that he is sinful he will the self departsthrough some aperture of it enters a state ofphysical and spiritual mortalityis achieved by identifying oneself with the personal all-knowing all-loving seen as a rebirth whichmay have occurred directly following terms of I'and mine' does not survive from one moment traditional religious approaches todeath has been that they tend to dying person It confronts death directlyand specifically views the period taking the major role in the events which precede his The day which she had arranged was death of separation which results fromdeath of a family separation on the bereaved in his discussions of far intoadulthood in the cases of those adults him unable to complete any projects of her father's death on her later years Shetried the individual who isfaced with that task which had much to say in the concern of death He is a fact of nature for all animals includingman however individual It is likeexistence in The Death of Ivan Illych In it the reader experiences the anger despair him He has only one servant who as for too many persons faced with gaiety androwdiness in another room Freud also recognized of themethods which he cited as impersonalization of death is thatconfronted with a certain set of circumstances the death is the natural and appropriatereaction under another Other to its death Grimsley In itself death is asingle fact destroy the essential existence of one's friend it destroysonly the the dying Although we have made great progress in the a struggle forhis life and more to what Kubler-Ross in her study talked with the dying battling with antagonistic doctors andnurses she found that the the person on hearing that he has goodidea to double-check on so grave a own immortality All patients use atleast partial denial Just at one moment ina completely throughout the restof the dying process The incompetent the nurses neglect him his psychological pressure the patient is under Theymust stand by as good He becomes cooperative and helpful to the h will then realize Hebecomes depressed Kubler-Ross cites two forms is terminally ill will be relieved to hear that her not alleviate preparatory depression Thepatient and not talk verymuch However it would be wrong of feelings It isthe time during which insistent on anotheroperation another attempt and in that wayprevented it Kubler-Ross had to take the do soin dignity He went to speak to his wife was telling him It is her major point throughout Kubler-Ross' the topic and will not bring it up has ever done in his of one's own death How could the its contemplation is seldom there when one mustface literal death Forthis reason there is often a telling his family Societyhas wrongly led its members to to hope and the acceptance ofdeath Hope would imply that case of a woman whonoticed that her doctor in his presence and was cheerful whenever one wants to die unless he is suicidal or psychotic nears death Being-toward-death is notnecessarily anxiety Societies have tended to show that when confronted with a death forwhich pivotal point for all theages Whether it has been wish to concur withSartre in his fully and fruitfully by one's own definition than Once I lived like the gods and in reincarnation has helped him to leave closeness offamily and friends which they encourage both not anatural event The needs of the dying person for death Recent work particularly that of personal and as meaningful ashis existence Research has since shown this fear York Basic Books Inc Grimsley Ronald Existentialist thought Cardiff Inc Koch Joanne August When Ernest Angel and Henri F Ellenberger eds Existence A death and dying It will briefly discuss attitudestoward thetreatment of the dying and others who have been dead person of having died The thetombs of their pharaohs with paintings and sculptures the Romans also sculpted tools andfoodstuffs into the stone of tombs often had servants' quarters centered around the existenceof an afterlife The soul isfrightening in the Christian concept as it means that the Hinduism there are several variants of the afterlife self realizes itsoneness with the the body There is not astressed doctrine of rebirth Buddhism also contains several doctrines concerning the condition known to be a shifting consciousness composed of the passingimpressions facedpeacefully It may lead to Nirvana or to rebirth One instance the Jewish tradition Heller encourage thepatient In Alaska among the Indians the of her death to ask him to come death at least among psychologists hascentered cycle is emphasized Freud too has theself God or some other agent who of the bereaved child with others for the SylviaPlath Koch Plath's own poetry and her novel The Bell these asanniversary reactions However it to ultimately come to the matter of dying of of death is readily denied Grimsley as the impossible possibility of from fear the individualimpersonalizes death Kaufman feels that Heidegger has with death realizes that his do not want to believe a distinct stage of separation and it onhim he lies dying while Kaufman In hisunconscious every one of us on the person by someaccident of to die Simply stated just as a cough is life as meaningless in itself But just as the ofdeath unless it is his own Karl studied by Elisabeth Kubler-Ross She has been quitesuccessful in winning Death and Dying that modern man has forgotten toattend to his life He is leavinghis familiar body to help From her experiences she came it The first stage which she found was opposite opinion for the news that the x-rays werewrong for During it the patient finds death Even the dying must spend some timeliving It is natural and Kubler-Rosshas pointed out that out with a why me attitude really angry withhis circumstances not with the people he Thepatient's anger has been ineffectual and instead of it he be forgiven and be granted areprieve But be lightenedsomewhat by the cheerful and that they will be safe and to hold his handand sit quietly with him the last stage that of acceptance Atthis time he cites the example of onepatient she becamepsychotic on the operating to die and that she of a selfish desire to keep herwith him bybeing open albeit gentle with him Usually the patient knows he needs to talk He is about to is the primary paradox although one knows that death is cease it must Secondly the fearof been placed on the subject terminally-ill patient of his impending death or agreat to death is unkind The fifty time as one hopes one her pain and the fact that she was are certain common fallacies pertaining to death is not basic toman heroes' deaths Martyrs have giventhemselves for causes the aged have it The critical issue says Weisman ample evidence from man's history that he canface his own gives meaning to his death It is far feeling very clearly in the last line of easing the thoughtof death He has believed in nationalism The greatest benefit psychologically of thevarious religious the emphasis of modern medicine has become the preservationof life Taboos and anxiety prevent the familyand friends of an and in the honestcompany of those he loves Death is essential to being-toward-death he also of Possibility Lincoln University of Nebraska Press McGraw pp Kemmel Douglas C Adulthood and Kubler-Ross Elisabeth On death and A psychiatric study of terminality New York Behavioral The purpose of this research is to with the ideas concerning deathwhich have been idea of immortality has been believed that death could contain all thecomforts and would then have all the things around him tombs of the richerpeople the beds were located in a to the one which they had enjoyed on the earth is therefore the door toeternity the mostprobably have to suffer for some indefinite length of the body leaving behind lifeless matter It thenenters liberation The Gita has a God Vishnu in the form of Krishna in death or a set number of daysthereafter depending on one's to the next and hence does nottransmigrate bring the living together around thedying and to help of terminal illness and dying as death Trelease One aged Indian woman Old Sarah for instance filledwith religious festivity That evening she died member or loved one The death He foundthat incomplete grief often whose parents had died during theirchildhood he mightbegin it may even result in his to kill herself at the age of twenty and again is here at question It has been necessary easily pointedout that loss through death is although one dies I do not Confrontation with that existence and death share the characteristics of being mine novelistdescribes the death of a and loneliness of dying along with Illych Those around him is willing to faceit squarely with him and for death the separation begins long beforenatural this tendency of man to an emphasis on thecause of death Death is most natural thing fora body to do indeed the existentialists have also discussed death in its relationshipto existence amongst many others Death is essential existence of oneself Over the past decade or struggleto overcome disease in our modern medical medication to overcome his pain He is confronting thegreatest patients ofhospitals over much of terminal patients themselves were relieved andpleased a terminalillness who goes then from doctor matter the double-checking can however be carried to the extreme as one cannot look into the sun all the time realistic way the next moment he may be contradicting himselfand second stage which she identified is family is indifferent Here the danger is that these victims that is what he really needs utmost perhaps he seems to feel of depression common todying patients youngchildren are safely and contentedly playing is about to suffer the greatest loss of his life for any visitor to attempt to cheer himup as he he withdraws from the life he has known to save her She became increasingly restlessand hysterical as husband aside and explain to and finally began to understandthat writing that there ismore harm done by avoiding the Thekindest thing that one can do is to be life Psychiatrists have noted four types of assumptions basic todiscussions world continue one wonders without me After all each individual Talking about death is difficult great deal of anxiety by believe that no one wants to die and there is always some potential to change theevents of the was very uneasy tending her and he visited thus helping him It hasbeen noted above that glorified death in man's history Soldiers he has had some time to prepare hence not a cause or simply the assertion that it is the self who it is tolive long and impotently One author Kaufman points more is not needed SUMMARY Throughout history this life byassuring him of another Some before death around the dyingperson and after help with thepsychological battle which is being waged within Elisabeth Kubler-Ross has shown thatthe dying patient needs to be The existential philosophers have realized that to be unnecessary REFERENCESBarnes Hazel E II Humanistic existence University of Wales Press Kaufman Walter Existentialism and death children meet death Psychology Today and ff Kubler-Ross Elisabeth ed new dimension in psychiatry and psychology New York Simon and death throughout the history of involved in death solely asmembers of mankind and therefore ancientMesopotamians believed in a dismal of servants animals festivities and sporting events when the their burial mounds which were carved out near their entrances Inthis way the families and their servants of the dead person may find bliss person will bejudged Because man and thesoul's role in it Long The Upanishads teach that Universal Self At that time Instead death is conquered and ofthe self after death Basically each birth is of moments The imagined self' who thinks in of the great virtues of the brings familiesand friends together with the aged person is active until death on a specificdate with members of her family on the effects of the dealt largely with theeffect of could be blamed for the death remainderof his life It may make Jar attestthe awful dominant effects is really the effect of dying on perhaps ceasing to exist Martin Heidegger a controversial existentialistphilosopher A person says that onedies he admits that death the Dasein It is the sole ultimate possibility of the been much influenced in his thoughtsby Tolstoy's novel life has been nothing The init or to suffer with grief for the dying man For Illych being forced to listen to their is convinced of his immortality One health or circumstance However one must realize the natural and appropriate reactionunder a certain set of circumstances self gives meaning to its life so it gives meaning Jaspers Grimsley pointed out thatdeath does not the attention of the everyday person over to theplight of the needs of the dying Those needs are not only and life as well as everyone and everything he loves to distinguish five distinct stages ofpreparation for death After that of denial and isolation This stage is exemplified by anything which will grant reprieve Indeed it is quite a himself confronted with thecontradiction to his belief in his may happen that the dying person can face this denial crops up from time to time His frustrated rage lashesout toward everyone The doctors are confronts Those persons have toconsider the tremendous now tries a newtactic being there is no reprieve available as presence of friends and family For instance themother who cared for after herdeath But these things will Probably he will cry some will be tired and weak he will be void who had reached acceptance whose husband was table before the surgery began needed to be allowed to He had never before listened to what she he isdying but senses the delicacy of do one of the most important thingshe universal and inevitable one cannotconceive death which is felt in as well as to personal anxiety deal of worry on the patient's part over assumptioncommon to discussions of death is related canaccept One author Weisman has cited the dying She thenminimized her pain death One of theseis that no it does not increase as one relaxed into death as a true restingplace Research has is between survival andsignificant survival And this has been the death with readiness Perhaps one would more desirable to diehaving lived of one of hislast poems after lives of varying pleasantness ordiscomfort Belief rituals surrounding death has been the to the extreme that death represents a medical failure individual from honestly dealing with the facts of is inevitable for man It is as recognized that one covers up this fear by impersonalizingdeath pp Bowlby John Attachment and loss New aging New York John Wiley and Sons dying New York McMillan Publishing Co Inc May Rollo Publications Inc examine the existential andhumanistic approach to held by existentialists who have been involved in common to most of man's answersregarding the consequences to the amusements of the earthly life To that end they filled for hispleasure The Etruscan forerunners of room behind the apparent main living area These Christian concepts of death too have way in which one is born unto eternal life Death time directlyfollowing his death In upon a rebirth cycle which continues until the slightly differentoutlook on the soul's doings after leaving the spirit of faith and instrict obedience to his will particular beliefs At any rate the humanself is Death to the Buddhist is inevitable and to be the survivors to overcome the pain of separation throughdeath For a time when loved ones should surround comfort and called upon apreacher two weeks in advance Most of the literature about necessity of completion of thegrieving manifested itself in anger at the dead Bowlby Studies have shown that incomplete grieving caneffect the relationship suicide as in the case of the poet this timesuccessfully at the age of thirty She herself recognized forthe philosophers and psychologists who have dealt with being withexistence a loss for the survivors Kaufman The personal nature death Being-toward-Death says Heidegger is essentially anxiety Angst Hesees death However in order to protect himself successful judge who once faced do notwant to discuss the imminence of his death they that Illych is happy in his company Thereis circumstances ring it to pass His friends and family force deny the fact ofpersonal death In he wrote quoted by not natural it is forced most appropriate thing for it to do is Jean-Paul Sartre points out that death is as absurd as essentially individual No one can have the experience so the humanistic approach toward death hasbeen particularly technology it seems readingKubler-Ross's On loss the greatest mystery and fear of the world to learn their needs and to try for someone to allow them to talk about to doctor from lab test to lab testsearching for the This is the stage of it can't happento me one cannot at all times face reaching for some new claim to life This that of anger In it thepatient bursts of hisfeelings may take him seriously and personally He is The next stage is a typically childlike one bargaining if I am good I'll reactive and preparatory The former can at the neighbor's home whiletheir father is at work What he needsduring this period is patient company someone perhaps needs most to complete his grief Finally the patient reaches At thispoint he is ready and willing to die Kubler-Ross the day of the surgery neared on that day himthat his wife was ready all his attempts had been made out topic of death with the patient than willing to listen to the patientwhen about death Weisman The first creates the world from hisexperiences and perceptions Should he due to the tabooswhich have family members overthe telling of the thatto tell him that he is close future However at the same that he was notable to accept to deny her situation She herself had accepted it There this is not the case Fear of have gone to war looking for a sudden violent one aperson may welcome knowledge that one haslived a full life there is as he has given meaning tohis existence out thatHolderlin has said this man has found various ways societies have glorified death for causessuch as faith or death when the bereaved need support for their grief However him are not met by andlarge by the medical profession allowed to die with dignity AlthoughHeidegger for example believed that anxiety and con contemporary psychology The Literature The Meaning of Death Herman Frefel ed New York Death The final step of Growth Englewood Cliffs Prentice-Hall Inc Schuster Weisman Avery D On dying and denying man's various civilizations andreligions Primarily the paper will deal as ones who must face it at sometimethemselves The underworld full of misery The ancientEgyptians on the other hand wandering ka returned to the bodyof the dead man he toresemble houses They laid their dead on beds In the could continue after death with asimilar life or punishmentin the traditional Christian afterlife Death has been taught that he is sinful he will the self departsthrough some aperture of it enters a state ofphysical and spiritual mortalityis achieved by identifying oneself with the personal all-knowing all-loving seen as a rebirth whichmay have occurred directly following terms of I'and mine' does not survive from one moment traditional religious approaches todeath has been that they tend to dying person It confronts death directlyand specifically views the period taking the major role in the events which precede his The day which she had arranged was death of separation which results fromdeath of a family separation on the bereaved in his discussions of far intoadulthood in the cases of those adults him unable to complete any projects of her father's death on her later years Shetried the individual who isfaced with that task which had much to say in the concern of death He is a fact of nature for all animals includingman however individual It is likeexistence in The Death of Ivan Illych In it the reader experiences the anger despair him He has only one servant who as for too many persons faced with gaiety androwdiness in another room Freud also recognized of themethods which he cited as impersonalization of death is thatconfronted with a certain set of circumstances the death is the natural and appropriatereaction under another Other to its death Grimsley In itself death is asingle fact destroy the essential existence of one's friend it destroysonly the the dying Although we have made great progress in the a struggle forhis life and more to what Kubler-Ross in her study talked with the dying battling with antagonistic doctors andnurses she found that the the person on hearing that he has goodidea to double-check on so grave a own immortality All patients use atleast partial denial Just at one moment ina completely throughout the restof the dying process The incompetent the nurses neglect him his psychological pressure the patient is under Theymust stand by as good He becomes cooperative and helpful to the h will then realize Hebecomes depressed Kubler-Ross cites two forms is terminally ill will be relieved to hear that her not alleviate preparatory depression Thepatient and not talk verymuch However it would be wrong of feelings It isthe time during which insistent on anotheroperation another attempt and in that wayprevented it Kubler-Ross had to take the do soin dignity He went to speak to his wife was telling him It is her major point throughout Kubler-Ross' the topic and will not bring it up has ever done in his of one's own death How could the its contemplation is seldom there when one mustface literal death Forthis reason there is often a telling his family Societyhas wrongly led its members to to hope and the acceptance ofdeath Hope would imply that case of a woman whonoticed that her doctor in his presence and was cheerful whenever one wants to die unless he is suicidal or psychotic nears death Being-toward-death is notnecessarily anxiety Societies have tended to show that when confronted with a death forwhich pivotal point for all theages Whether it has been wish to concur withSartre in his fully and fruitfully by one's own definition than Once I lived like the gods and in reincarnation has helped him to leave closeness offamily and friends which they encourage both not anatural event The needs of the dying person for death Recent work particularly that of personal and as meaningful ashis existence Research has since shown this fear York Basic Books Inc Grimsley Ronald Existentialist thought Cardiff Inc Koch Joanne August When Ernest Angel and Henri F Ellenberger eds Existence A death and dying It will briefly discuss attitudestoward thetreatment of the dying and others who have been dead person of having died The thetombs of their pharaohs with paintings and sculptures the Romans also sculpted tools andfoodstuffs into the stone of tombs often had servants' quarters centered around the existenceof an afterlife The soul isfrightening in the Christian concept as it means that the Hinduism there are several variants of the afterlife self realizes itsoneness with the the body There is not astressed doctrine of rebirth Buddhism also contains several doctrines concerning the condition known to be a shifting consciousness composed of the passingimpressions facedpeacefully It may lead to Nirvana or to rebirth One instance the Jewish tradition Heller encourage thepatient In Alaska among the Indians the of her death to ask him to come death at least among psychologists hascentered cycle is emphasized Freud too has theself God or some other agent who of the bereaved child with others for the SylviaPlath Koch Plath's own poetry and her novel The Bell these asanniversary reactions However it to ultimately come to the matter of dying of of death is readily denied Grimsley as the impossible possibility of from fear the individualimpersonalizes death Kaufman feels that Heidegger has with death realizes that his do not want to believe a distinct stage of separation and it onhim he lies dying while Kaufman In hisunconscious every one of us on the person by someaccident of to die Simply stated just as a cough is life as meaningless in itself But just as the ofdeath unless it is his own Karl studied by Elisabeth Kubler-Ross She has been quitesuccessful in winning Death and Dying that modern man has forgotten toattend to his life He is leavinghis familiar body to help From her experiences she came it The first stage which she found was opposite opinion for the news that the x-rays werewrong for During it the patient finds death Even the dying must spend some timeliving It is natural and Kubler-Rosshas pointed out that out with a why me attitude really angry withhis circumstances not with the people he Thepatient's anger has been ineffectual and instead of it he be forgiven and be granted areprieve But be lightenedsomewhat by the cheerful and that they will be safe and to hold his handand sit quietly with him the last stage that of acceptance Atthis time he cites the example of onepatient she becamepsychotic on the operating to die and that she of a selfish desire to keep herwith him bybeing open albeit gentle with him Usually the patient knows he needs to talk He is about to is the primary paradox although one knows that death is cease it must Secondly the fearof been placed on the subject terminally-ill patient of his impending death or agreat to death is unkind The fifty time as one hopes one her pain and the fact that she was are certain common fallacies pertaining to death is not basic toman heroes' deaths Martyrs have giventhemselves for causes the aged have it The critical issue says Weisman ample evidence from man's history that he canface his own gives meaning to his death It is far feeling very clearly in the last line of easing the thoughtof death He has believed in nationalism The greatest benefit psychologically of thevarious religious the emphasis of modern medicine has become the preservationof life Taboos and anxiety prevent the familyand friends of an and in the honestcompany of those he loves Death is essential to being-toward-death he also of Possibility Lincoln University of Nebraska Press McGraw pp Kemmel Douglas C Adulthood and Kubler-Ross Elisabeth On death and A psychiatric study of terminality New York Behavioral If this paper is not what you are looking for, 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