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“CODE: VERSION 2.0"
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This paper summarizes the primary points discussed by Lawrence Lessig in ...... More...
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Paper Abstract:
This paper summarizes the primary points discussed by Lawrence Lessig in his book, “Code: Version 2.0.” Following this summary the points made in the book are related back to basic computer science elements and components. The final section is an evaluation of the book.
Paper Introduction:
BOOK SUMMARY OF CODE VERSION Overall Summary Social scientists e g McClellan Dorn have long known thattwo very different subjects are science and technology and whathuman beings do with science and technology When a student takes acomputer science class he she learns its essential elements which wouldinclude such components as computer structure and basic operations program planning and design program coding and simple input output control structures and program writing functions and subroutines objectoriented programming data structures translation processes and so forth
Text of the Paper:
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In computer terms, this boils down to the'Code' used to design and implement this information flow and the fact thata substantial subset of this 'code' will be written not by computerscientists but by lawyers, legislators, and judges. In other words, once again, basic notions areexpanded upon to include a sociopolitical dimension. Relation of the Book to Computer Class Basics Lessig (2 6) discusses several topics that can be related to thebasic components a student would learn in any computer class, although heexpands upon each one with the addition of his legal and sociopoliticalaspects of the activity. While the book is quite readable, it seems in parts, to be written ata level that requires too scholarly a knowledge of law, most especiallyConstitutional law. Information Weak. To some extent, however, Lessigpaints an Orwellian future as a highly realistic possibility, and thispicture, at its most radical, seems a bit like fiction or maybe evenparanoia----at least in the sense that while this future may be possible,it is somewhat improbable. Science and technology in world history: An introduction. How the internet works. It has no doubt expanded computer scientists' minds considerably,illustrating the sociopolitical context and constraints of not only theirfield but, perhaps, all things scientific and technological. (2 6). freedom issues concernsMicrosoft's operating system Vista and complaints made by Google statingthat it impairs the performance of desktop search programs and therebystifles competition and the consumer's freedom of choice (see: Liedtke,2 7). . What Lessig(2 6) does is expand this upon this definition of code with the additionof its legal ramifications and implications. Given the substantial numbers of people, all over the planetthat are moving through cyberspace, it does not seem unreasonable for themto ask whether it should be regulated and, if so, how? (8th ed.) Indianapolis, Indiana: Que Publishers.Lessig, L. It is what people do and whatthey might do in the future when it comes to computer science that concernsLawrence Lessig (2 6) and he discusses this in his updated and revisedversion of "Code: Version 2. Lessig (2 6) has clearly articulated fears that if people do notdecide to take action, privacy will be severely diminished. Clearly, not all of these can be discussed here.However, it can be noted that perhaps the primary way in which Lessig's(2 6) book relates to topics discussed in basic computer science classesconcerns the notion of codes. Don't shut off Vista UAC: There's a better way. Lessig is concerned with network owners compellingprogrammers to run their programs on a set proprietary systems and devicesthereby stopping the network from serving whomever and whatever peoplewished and instead requiring permission of network owners before anyprogram can be written. Code: Version 2. Not so when it comes tounderstanding and predicting what human beings decide to do with theknowledge associated with computer science. Another way in which Lessig's (2 6) discussion relates to computerscience basics is with respect to the idea of programming which, at itsmost basic level, consists of a set of commands telling the computer whataction to take and/or what objective to achieve. Associated Press. Unfortunately,some of his solutions for maintaining freedom are themselves open toprivacy concerns. Will they continue to be protected in the future? The foregoing constitutes a technical definition of code. A programming language isthe set of grammatical rules as well as the vocabulary required to writethese commands. " Overall Summary Social scientists (e.g., McClellan & Dorn, 2 6) have long known thattwo very different subjects are: (1) science and technology; and (2) whathuman beings do with science and technology. ReferencesDeJean, D. One current example of control vs. BOOK SUMMARY OF "CODE: VERSION 2. Lessig's (2 6) essentialconcern focuses on sociopolitical, legal, and judicial forces and theextent to which these forces will allow freedom and privacy rights interms of the information flowing through this body of interconnectedinformation/service network. Nonetheless, he is sounding a warningto people to beware of what sociopolitical powers may try to mandate andordain when it comes to the Internet and cyberspace, and his cries of alarmdo not ring hollow. When a student takes acomputer science class he/she learns its essential elements which wouldinclude such components as: computer structure and basic operations;program planning and design; program coding and simple input/output;control structures and program writing; functions and subroutines; objectoriented programming; data structures, translation processes, and so forth. Others have complained about the operating system's intrusivesecurity measures (e.g., DeJean, 2 7). Lessig (2 6) warns about restrictive and oppressingefforts associated with the Internet and cyberspace, e.g., potentialgovernment surveillance of all communications both currently and in thepast. (2nd ed.) Baltimore, Maryland: The Johns Hopkins University Press. (2 6). These are someof the issues Lessig addresses and builds upon using the general technicalnotion of code. For example, he discusses everyone having some sort ofdigital passport which itself necessitates a good deal of informationgathering and use that may diminish privacy. (2 6). ) areimportant. Evaluation The questions formulated by Lessig (2 6) in "Code: Version 2. On the other hand, I think that Lessig's book hasproduced a kind of paradigm shift as it relates to techno-discussion of theInternet. ." Clearly, one course of action people have decided to take withrespect to computer science and technology is to establish the Internetwhich Gralla (2 6) has defined as a 'body' of interconnected computernetworks carrying government, business, domestic, academic, marketing andcommerce, and other information and services. However, he attempts to achieve a realistic balance between openanarchy to all restrictive and/or regulatory pressures, and the realisticneeds associated with having rules and standards of behavior for anyactivity that involves participation by a truly substantial subset of theglobe. What about privacy rights; are these rights beingprotected? ( June 11, 2 7). This can operate to make the book a bit morechallenging that required for a comfortable read, even by somebody who iswell versed in computer science. Document available at: http://www.informationweek.com/blog/main/archives/2 7/ 6/dont_shut_off _v.htmlGralla, P. Computers are fed information throughcomputer programming language which constitute a source code held indiverse files. For example, if code is alanguage, should we not consider its implications from the standpoint offree speech rights? His discussion is alsodifficult if not tedious in certain sections because of a tendency to over-focus on legal details and minutia. In this book. Concerns associatedwith freedom and privacy are legitimate. (2nd ed.) New York: Basic Books.Liedtke, M. On the other hand, a more realistic picture maybe insufficient to motivate people at the frequency needed to protectfreedoms; perhaps only warnings against the most dire outcomes will do inthis regard. E., & Dorn, H. In other words, acquiring knowledge in the area of computer scienceis a clear, logical, and well-ordered task. Document available at: http:// hosted.ap.org/dynamic/stories/G/GOOGLE_MICROSOFT?SITE=MOCOD&SECTION=BUS INESS&TEMPLATE=DEFAULT&CTIMEMcClellan, J. For my personal tastes, I would have preferred both a bit less menaceand scholarly legalism. Google complains about Microsoft's Vista. (June 12, 2 7). Lessig is not a shouting, arm-waving libertarian but rather a'founding father' whose wants to join with others in helping to shape theguidelines and standards for Internet/cyberspace use in a manner that willallow as much freedom and privacy as is realistically possible.
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