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The New Deal and African Americans
Term Paper ID:38492
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Essay Subject:
This paper provides an assessment of the impact of Franklin D Roosevelt s New ...... More...
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4 Pages / 900 Words
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Paper Abstract:
This paper provides an assessment of the impact of Franklin D. Roosevelt’s New Deal policies on African Americans. Though civil rights and black institutions were strengthened during the era, the assessment maintains that rampant racism and discrimination prevented Blacks from receiving fair assistance compared to Whites.
Paper Introduction:
The New Deal African Americans Introduction In Harvard Sitkoff\'s A New Deal for Blacks the author maintainsthat the Great Depression and the New Deal increased public recognition ofthe plight of African Americans but little was harvested from these seedsof recognition As Sitkoff writes for civil rights the depressiondecade proved to be a time of planting not harvesting This analysiswill discuss the impact of Franklin D Roosevelt\'s New Deal on AfricanAmericans including the growth of Black institutions and the ambientracism that still hampered
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A New Deal for Blacks: The Emergence of Civil Rights As a National Issue: The Depression Decade. Roosevelt's "New Deal" on AfricanAmericans, including the growth of Black institutions and the ambientracism that still hampered realization of opportunities for AfricanAmericans. In fact,New Deal agricultural policy had the "greatest and most immediate impact onBlacks," most of whom lived in the rural South.[13] Lack of ownership andwhite dominance in local politics and law enforcement often served toundermine advances for Blacks pertaining to New Deal agricultural policies. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1978, ix.[2] Sitkoff, 1978, 67.[3] Sitkoff, 1978, 68.[4] Sitkoff, 1978, 249.[5] Sitkoff, 1978, 249.[6] Sitkoff, 1978, 138.[7] Neubeck, Kenneth J., and Cazenave, Noel A. Efforts to coerce both major politicalparties to put civil rights on their platforms failed in both 1932 and1936. Despite ongoing racism andprejudice, Sitkoff argues that the New Deal "helped place civil rights onthe agenda of the new national majority coalition."[6] Despite the advance of civil rights during this era, it wasprimarily in principle only. As Sitkoff writes, "for civil rights, the depressiondecade proved to be a time of planting, not harvesting."[1] This analysiswill discuss the impact of Franklin D. Forexample, the NAACP demanded an end to the American Federation of Labor'sdiscrimination and urged African American workers to join the "rival"[5]Congress of Industrial Organizations. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1978.-----------------------[1] Sitkoff, Harvard. During this era, African American mothers were viewed asincapable of being proper caregivers. "Welfare Racism in the Early Years of Public Assistance." Welfare Racism, 2 1: 39-65.Sitkoff, Harvard. Her example led others in Roosevelt's Administration to becomemore involved in creating assistance institutions for African Americans.Housing projects for the most poor American provided shelter for manyAfrican-Americans, with about 3 percent of all units assigned to thisgroup.[2] African Americans also found employment under various New Dealpublic works projects. "Quotas for Blacks." Labor History, 16(1), Winter 1975: 37-52.Moreno, Paul. Eleanor Roosevelt was one of the NewDeal's most vocal and public champions of civil rights for AfricanAmericans. This justified them not beingentitled to "assistance."[7] As such, the aid to dependent children (ADC)program that emerged from the New Deal often excluded Blacks. "An Ambivalent Legacy." Independent Review, 6(4), Spring 2 2: 513-54 .Neubeck, Kenneth J., and Cazenave, Noel A. As Neubeckand Cazenave explain, "As was true of mothers pensions programs, the ADCprogram did not challenge the existing system of white racial hegemony.African American children and other children of color were often leftwithout assistance."[8] Kruman maintains that we see the "complex relationship" betweenBlacks and the New Deal as we examine the issue of job quotas for blacksand other "racial policies"[9] of the Public Works Administration (PWA).Created by Title II of the National Industrial Recovery Act of 1933, thePWA had two goals: 1) to stimulate the economy by providing funding forpublic construction works, and 2) to employ the unemployed.[1 ] However,institutions like the PWA were rife with racism and discrimination. Conclusion In conclusion, while it is readily apparent that Black organizationsgrew in strength during the New Deal era and the seeds of the future CivilRights Movement were sewn, most of the agencies and programs associatedwith the New Deal did not benefit Americans equally. Body There is no denying that African Americans progressed in Americansociety as a result of the New Deal. Sitkoff asserts thatthough the years of "the New Deal had seen some significant changes in thesituation of a number of American Blacks, DuBois and those who supportedhis position believed that it was very much a case of 'too little, toolate.'"[12] Despite this reality, New Deal agencies like the NationalYouth Administration the Interior Department, and the Farm SecurityAdministration fought discrimination if without great success. "Welfare Racism in theEarly Years of Public Assistance." Welfare Racism, 2 1, 39.[8] Neubeck, and Cazenave, 2 1, 38.[9] Kruman, 1975, 37.[1 ] Kruman, 1975, 37.[11] Kruman, 1975, 37.[12] Sitkoff, 1978, 252.[13] Moreno, Paul. Thoughmost give mixed marks to Roosevelt's New Deal for its assistance to Blacks,under the New Deal Blacks did not receive a fair deal compared to whites.Kruman maintains racism is the primary underlying reason along withmisguided bureaucratic organization for the failure of the New Deal to befair to Blacks, due "to the discriminatory nature of American society, thedecentralized administration of most of the New Deal agencies, and thebigotry of some agency heads."[11] Time and again in the professional literature, thought the seeds ofassistance were planted for African Americans during the New Deal, we seethat discrimination and racism often hampered Blacks from receiving realassistance or at least on a fair level with Whites. "An Ambivalent Legacy." Independent Review, 6(4), Spring 2 2, 514. The New Deal & African Americans Introduction In Harvard Sitkoff's A New Deal for Blacks, the author maintainsthat the Great Depression and the New Deal increased public recognition ofthe plight of African Americans but little was harvested from these seedsof recognition. A New Deal for Blacks: The Emergence of Civil Rights As a National Issue: The Depression Decade. Local practices varied widely, but in 1936 AfricanAmericans received about 31 percent of the total wages paid by the PublicWorks Administration.[3] The rise of specifically Black institutions like the Urban Leagueand the NAACP grew in strength during this period, primarily because ofcontinued racial violence against Blacks, including lynching. African Americanswere especially hampered in receiving fair assistance due to theoverwhelming racist nature of American society during the 193 s. Sitkoffargues that such groups like the Urban League and NAACP began to "redirecttheir programs and tactics"[4] to further the cause of Civil Rights. Likewise, the racism and prejudice against African Americans insociety often prevented Blacks from benefiting from some of the New Deal'sgreatest social welfare programs and institutions, like the Social SecurityAct of 1935. Becauseof this, while the seeds of future growth were planted during the New Deal,little was actually harvested by African Americans.BibliographyKruman, Marc S. Bothgroups became more focused on protest and pressure than accommodation.
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