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Essay Subject: Discusses studies on the relationship between nonlinguistic body motions and communication.... More...

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Paper Abstract: Discusses studies on the relationship between nonlinguistic body motions and communication. Describes three experiments on Kinesics. The purpose, methods and findings of the studies. Experiments deal with body movement and spousal communication; body movements of emotionally distressed individuals & displacement behaviors; gestures of blind and sigthed children and adolescents. Paper Introduction: Introduction Kinesthetics is the study of body motion and movement in diverse situations. This paper describes three very different kinds of experiments examining body motion and movements so as to show the wide variety of phenomena to which the field applies. The experiments that are here reviewed are: (1) a study of posture in relation to vibration of the Achilles tendon conducted by Talis and Solopova (2000) at Russia’s Institute for Information on Transmission Problems; (2) a study by Mills and Griffin (2000) of motion sickness and factors that affect it; and (3) an examination conducted by Lydic and Steele (1979) of the wide-based gait and hip mobility in sitting that is characteristic of children with Down’s syndrome. Posture and Achil Text of the Paper: The entire text of the paper is shown below. However, the text is somewhat scrambled. We want to give you as much information as we possibly can about our papers and essays, but we cannot give them away for free. In the text below you will find that while disordered, many of the phrases are essentially intact. From this text you will be able to get a solid sense of the writing style, the concepts addressed, and the sources used in the research paper. In other words, body rotation had a significant effect on hipmobility in sitting. Motion Sickness Experiment In their introduction to this study, Mills and Griffin (2 ) pointedout that existing research has established that low frequency horizontaloscillation can cause motion sickness but studies have not established howthe characteristics of motion and the postural conditions of the body mayinfluence the condition. All subjects sat within a closed cabin. Mills, K.L. These were better predictorsof the intensity of the illness than any visual conditions. Children were thenobserved sitting and were also placed in various sitting positions andtheir body behavior observed. Some sat with a high backrestand with their eyes open, while others sat with a low backrest with theireyes open, and still others sat with a low backrest with their eyes closedand blindfolded. Methods used in the study involved the analysis of vibratoryreactions observed under three different conditions: normal standing,standing with a support and standing when the support was protractedforward to change the initial posture. Vibration-induced posturalreaction continues after the contact with additional back support. I. The authors hypothesized that all three of thesevariables would have at least some impact on the condition. & Griffin, M. However, if the support was at the shoulder level, the motion wasreversed for fully half of the subjects with backward-forward oscillationsoccurring near the support. Itwas also noted that contact with the back support on the sacral level wasassociated with continued upper body movement for almost all of thesubjects as well as with increased pressure on the toes. (1979). Effect of seating, vision anddirection of horizontal oscillation on motion sickness. It was also found that self-report ratingsof susceptibility to motion sickness provided by the subjects prior to thestudy were strongly correlated with their reported levels of illness. On the other hand, this did not influence the walkingpatterns that they immediately showed thereafter. (2 ). In order todetermine whether there was such a relationship, Lydic and Steele examineddata from parents (N-1 4) who completed questionnaires about theirchildren, making sure that these children had been documented for thetypical sitting patterns associated with the syndrome. MotorControl, 4(4), 4 7-419. For each subject, additional supportwas provided for the back at the sacral or shoulder level. The most important of these was the effect of postural supportas well as susceptibility to motion sickness. Wide Based Gait and Hip Mobility in Sitting in Down's Syndrome Children Experiment In this study, Lydic and Steele investigated the well known phenomenaof wide hip mobility and in sitting and the wide-based gait characteristicof children with Down's syndrome.Prior studies had indicated that these characteristics could be related toexternal rotation and abduction of these children's hips. & Solopova, A. Specifically, thestudy examined postural responses following vibration of subjects' Achillestendon. (2 ). Introduction Kinesthetics is the study of body motion and movement in diversesituations. (peak-to-peak displacement of .8 m) for up to 3 min while in six differingconditions, three of which involved lateral motion, and three of whichinvolved fore-and-aft motion. Findings of the study were said to show that the reaction under mostall conditions consisted of progressive backward upper body movement. Based on their findings, Mills and Griffin (2 ) formulated severalconclusions. & Steele, C. Posture and Achilles Tendon Vibration Experiment In this study conducted in Russia, Talis and Solopova (2 ) examinedvibration inducted body movement in order to determine whether posturalresponse was limited to a specific joint or was, instead, a complexreaction of processes involving many body structures. The experiments that are herereviewed are: (1) a study of posture in relation to vibration of the Achillestendon conducted by Talis and Solopova (2 ) at Russia's Institute forInformation on Transmission Problems; (2) a study by Mills and Griffin (2 ) of motion sickness andfactors that affect it; and (3) an examination conducted by Lydic and Steele (1979) of the wide-based gait and hip mobility in sitting that is characteristic of childrenwith Down's syndrome. Physical Therapy,59(12), 1489-1494. Aviation SpaceEnvironmental Medicine, 71(1 ), 996-1 2. Findings were said to show that the highest levels of motion sicknessoccurred for subjects exposed to a fore-and-aft motion, seated with a lockbackrest with their eyes open. Findings were said to show that how children were placed in thesitting position operated to significantly influence their come-to-sitpatterns. Based on findings, Lydic and Steele (1979) recommended that anyprograms developed for purposes of motor intervention for these childrenshould consider the incorporation of body rotation as a program feature.It was also recommended that future studies further investigate the sittingpatterns, hip mobility and gait of Down's syndrome children for additionalrelationships between these characteristics and other kinesthetic featuresand properties of the body. To test thehypothesis, the authors used a sample of seated subjects (N=72) who wereexposed to horizontal oscillation at .25 Hz, .7 ms (-2) r.m.s. This paper describes three very different kinds of experimentsexamining body motion and movements so as to show the wide variety ofphenomena to which the field applies. Based on their analysis of these data, Talisand Solopova (2 ) concluded that the vibration-induced response wasmultidimensional consisting of a smooth and integrated reaction toinformation from the legs, trunk muscles, touch and pressure afferents ofthe upper body. References Lydic, J.S. Talis, V.L. Assessment of the quality of sittingand gait patterns in children with Down's syndrome. They were required to rate several symptoms of motionsickness every minute for a total of 3 minutes. If this paper is not what you are looking for, you can search again: Search for: or Click here to request an essay written just for you.