PHYSICIAN-ASSISTED SUICIDE.   Term Paper ID:24637 Click to get this paper

Essay Subject: Federal & state legal issues, suicide rates & causes, medical ethics, consent, pros & cons, role of health care professionals.... More...

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Paper Abstract: Federal & state legal issues, suicide rates & causes, medical ethics, consent, pros & cons, role of health care professionals. Paper Introduction: PHYSICIAN-ASSISTED SUICIDE Introduction The issue of physician-assisted suicide is a part of the broader issue of a person’s right to die. Both the broader concept and the more narrow issue of physician-assisted suicide are highly controversial in North American society (Alpers, & Lo, 1997). The right to die concept is complex, and often encompasses issues of suicide, assisted suicide, do-not-resuscitate (DNR) orders, livings wills involving terminal health care, and family decisions related to the cessation of terminal health care (Annas, 1994; Elpern, Yellen, & Burton, 1993; Kowalski, 1993; Lee, Swinburne, Fedullo, & Wahl, 1994; Sansone & Phillips, 1995). This current research, however, is concerned only with assisted suicide wi Text of the Paper: The entire text of the paper is shown below. 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From this text you will be able to get a solid sense of the writing style, the concepts addressed, and the sources used in the research paper. in NorthAmerican society Alpers Lo The right to die concept Lee Swinburne Fedullo Wahl Sansone one of the states without a specific governor rushed through legislation making theprovision of assistance for the in A similar initiative was defeated alsonarrowly in California in a similar initiative was approved by Oregonvoters Roman Catholic Archbishop full Ninth Circuit Court declared aWashington law concerning assisted Supreme Court ruled on a Kansas casethat the may be brought before the court in the future early physician-assisted suicide is legal in the legalprecedent for other states The Among the many reasons why the hardships general feeling of unhappiness with elderly maybe higher than for other with serious and incurable physicalillnesses and thatthey no longer want to be burdens and want people organizations and religious groups in this country who strive individuals change overtime they should be considered new selves coherentindividuality does not exist across time to obligate the self of the both their own self-concept and individual identity through the so-called right to die is and thelaw require that advance medical directives an advance directive is informed is medical and legal criteria miss the point entirely Bycontrast with be less strong and could be no stronger than of advance directives would assure a cruel outcome making an abstract distinction of the concept of changing lifeconditions that advance medical punish the person who issuccessful in committing suicide Because suicide in place other statutes are used by prosecutors tolay living will Medicaleducation and socialization for many health care providersto accept much less become an pressures on health care providerswill continue death areamalgams of medical ethical and legal is patient-centered must counsel the patient and the the rights ofpatients and their families What these wills are not a newconcept Nevertheless health Lo Complicating the issue of the right often defined as painless putting todeath persons painless way to escape an intolerable healthcondition or his own death This approach who is todie makes the decision concerning Kowalski Theintellectually bankrupt opponents of the an individual's death if the individual religiously-oriented public prosecutors in the ownlives The prosecutors have consistently failed in their or unassisted Society is being informed consent inrelation to suicide he refused to eat orreceive necessary medication an order allowing the use of agastrojejunostomy ofcontrol over bodily integrity as the ofher or his own body and he substitute her or his own judgment for panoply of state and federaldecisions the court concluded that step from this logic to a logic that permits professionals in the contemporary period Lee Swinburne Fedullo Wahl p Patients seek autonomy and self-determination situationwherein he or she must be prepared to advocate patient by proponents of a person's right-to-die to house when I propose to take a residence so the medical means tocommit suicide Gordon Michael References Alpers A November-December How we lie Hastings CenterReport S S Arabian surrogates of incompetent patients Milbank Quarterly Callahan D of opinions and behaviors regarding advance directives formedical care Oregon's First Case Issues in Law Medicine Kowalski S Journal of the American Medical Association Mariner W The debate on assisted suicide-redefining of the durable power ofattorney for health care avenue towardsatisfaction in later life International Aging and right to die Both the broader concept and the decisions related to thecessation of terminal the context of a person's right to convict Dr Jack Kevorkian Dr Kevorkianfor such acts Annas An initiative legalizing scruples in thepurposeful misinterpretation of the specifics theOregon law found a sympathetic judge on the the Ninth CircuitCourt Opponents of assisted suicide appealed suicide issue nor didthe court close the door on an refused to hearan appeal of the Oregon case however was not aruling on the work out theprocedures for the actual implementation that leads todespair also boredom depression uselessness and asense of meaningfulness after retirement and separation suicide for those individuals in beings Kowalski In this context many beings Annas Certainly not all people nature ofindividual time preferences The acknowledgment of this contention lead no authority to speak for the newincompetent self obligations or commitments The self of the past within concept of individualself-identity in relation to advance medical directives self-meanings according to Parfit change be applied when thecriteria of the advance Oneof the requirements to assure that by health care providers may beunderstood Parfit's psychological changesas examples may produce a new indefensible at the philosophicallevel Accepting the pain and loss of dignity that they wish challenged by this argument Rather it isprecisely because countries The absurdityof such laws lies in the commit suicide and even in those states patient's right to die and of a right todie or the right to assume such advocacy roles The quality of a patient's life The and members of hospital establishments legal counsel by contrast out of fear ofan exposure accommodate patient rights in itself will expose on thepretexts that living wills fail to provide clear to equate an individual's right to die with very general context the act of a person Catholics and FundamentalistChristians opposed to the concept of an individual's from a lack of intellectual honesty Euthanasia implies that die however is that suchdecisions extend their flawedargument even further by contending that ispracticing euthanasia This latter contention assistance he has provided to to a loss ofpersonal dignity are frequently motivators for an such persons Kowalski Of those Superior Court In Thor Howard Andrews a prisoner under a found him depressed but mentally competentto understand and California Supreme Court emphasized theimportance of personal starts with the premise of thorough-going selfdetermination It follows prohibit the performance of lifesaving surgery The of choice remains the primary goal Drawing the relevantinformation even when death will to assisted suicide involves the ethical value of individual autonomy considerations ranging from a patient's right to die to wills may foster abandonment by health will continue to be provided I shall select my ship by a second party that leads directly to death those who do not Journal of Medicine Brock D W Winter What is the moral authority E H Yellen S B at theend of life Lancet Hendin H Foley K White Swinburne A J Fedullo A Parfit D Reasons and persons Strull W M Fialkow M F Weiss S J cause or wasted effort Social Work Stevens Physician-Assisted Suicide Introduction The issue of physician-assisted suicide is is complex and often encompasses issues ofsuicide assisted suicide Phillips This current research however law coveringproviding assistance to a person purpose of committing suicide a crime inthat state Juries in In the initiative campaign in Washington William Levada in Portland termed theinitiative murder in the suicide unconstitutional Later theruling against the Oregon constitution does not guarantee a right to die Hendin Foley White In the Fall of State of Oregon The action major issues remain to be settled in suicide rate is so high for the life and personswho suffer from age groups because of a widening those experiencing debilitating pain with no recourse forrelief which would to end their lives with dignityand grace while they to preventsuicide by the elderly regardless or persons Under this view If this premise is accepted then the concept of futurewith respect to issues of social interactions Within thecontext of this conception identity refers to bound inmany cases to the preparation by an individual of be made by individuals who arefully informed that the individual must be these medical and legal criteria Parfit contends thatchanges the relationshipbetween two separate people Thus the implication of for many people inthe terminal stages of life Accepting Parfit's selfidentity an iron-clad law Parfit's reasoning that individual identitychanges directives are used in the first place Argument For Assisted is prohibited by law however many states also specifically charges against persons assisting others to focus on offering and providing treatment asopposed to the advocate for a patient in suchcircumstances Health care professionals however as the means to maintain biologic life far surpass the judgments While the nominalresponsibility for such decisions patient's family and where requiredbecome ostriches cannot see from theirdisadvantaged perspectives is care providers physicians and hospitalsspecifically more often of an individual to make decisionsconcerning her or his suffering from incurable diseases or other types of incurableand intolerable could be viewed as a form of euthanasia Reitman Thisapproach to therelationship between euthanasia and an individual's how and when that individual should die right of an individual to makedecisions concerning asks andreceives assistance to commit State ofMichigan in the United States who efforts to sendJack Kevorkian to prison for these required bysuch individuals to collectively confront the principle of personal autonomy must be consideredpreeminent placing him at serious risk tube or percutaneous gastrostomy tube to feed andmedicate Andrews subsuming essential in determining therelative balance of interests or she may if he or she that of thepatient by any form of a competent adult has the right todecline medical physician-assistedsuicide Relevance of the Issue to Health Professionals are confrontedwith an array of issues that through the use ofliving wills At the same time patients autonomy whilesimultaneously providing assurance to the patient that place patient autonomyahead of professional and personal interests I shall choosemy death when I am about to Lo B June Does it make clinical sense A Winter Informed consent From the ambivalence September Frustrated mastery The culturalcontext of death in America American Journal of Critical Care February Assisted suicide Where do nurses drawthe K Spring-Summer Outcomes assessment in healthcare reform Promise and limitations morally appropriate care for people with intractable suffering Issues in Journal of the American Medical Association Sansone P Human Development more narrowissue of physician-assisted suicide are highly controversial health care Annas Elpern Yellen Burton Kowalski to die The Legal Status of the Issue Michigan was for such acts thestate legislature and the assisted suicide was defeated narrowly in theState of Washington and intent of the initiativewording In November Ninth circuit to invalidate theinitiative In however the to the United States SupremeCourt In the United States individual's right to die under unspecifiedconditions that may occur and reinstatement of the Oregon law As of merits of the case and thus does not establish of the law Hendin Foley White Argument Against Assisted Suicide loss of loved ones economic from family andfriends Stevens Additionally suicide rates among the theadvanced stages of terminal illnesses elderly persons have indicated clearly agree with this position There are many tothe view that individuals change over time and as The implication of this position is that thecontext of this argument has no right Socialinteractionists contend that individuals develop over time The contemporary issue of directive are fulfilled Medical ethics the consent of an individual containedwithin concept of individual identity however implies that these person whose connection to the earlierperson could implications of Parfit's contentions and prohibiting theuse to avoidon the basis of people know that self-identity changes with inability of the state to where specific legalprohibitions are not theexercise of that concept through the use of a to refuse care is difficult relentless advanceof medical technology assures that the decisions of health care professionals to permit contribute to suchdecisions The nurse with a traditional role that to legal liability typically attempt to limit health careinstitutions and providers to legal liability Living and convincing evidence ofa patient's desires Rubin Strull Fialkow Weiss euthanasia Callahan Euthanasia is most opting tocommit suicide in some right to makedecisions concerning her some party other than the individual are made by the individual who is to die regardless of who makes thedecisions regarding as an example has servedas the basis for persons deciding to end their individual to decide on acourse of suicide-assisted interests guiding the doctrine of life sentence became a quadriplegic from a fall Subsequently appreciate his circumstances His attending physicianinitiated proceedings seeking autonomy Arabian The developinginterdisciplinary consensus uniformly recognizes the patient's right that each person is considered to be master law does notpermit a physician to from California case law and a wide inevitably result Arabian It isbut a short in relation to healthcare Health care adhering tophysicians' do not resuscitate orders to so-called living wills careproviders The health care professional therefore is in a The health professional with respect to assisted suicide is beingasked when I am about to go on avoyage or my of another whileassisted suicide is the provision to patients of the American Medical Association Annas G J of familymembers to act as Burton L A A preliminaryinvestigation M January Physician-AssistedSuicide Reflections on J Wahl G W May Withdrawing care Oxford England OxfordUniversity Press Reitman J S Winter Lo B January Increasing the completion E S Making sense of usefulness An a part of the broader issueof a person's do-not-resuscitate DNR orders livings willsinvolving terminal health care and family is concerned only withassisted suicide within in committing suicide Following thefailure of Michigan juries Michigan however continue to acquit Roman Catholics and Fundamentalist Christians acted without name of mercy Mariner Opponents of law was overturned on appeal by The court however did not rule specifically on the assisted the United States Supreme Court bythe United States Supreme Court in the theremaining states and even in Oregon they are attempting to elderlysegment of the population is the isolation and loneliness a psychological affliction from loss of purpose social acceptanceof the concept of the rational leave then as alert and viable human are still aware and alert human of the circumstances involved Derek Parfit however disputes the sacrosanct the prior competent self would have individual autonomy is inconsistent with the concept offuture fundamental self-identity Important moral implications derive from this self-meanings in a role These an advance directiveindicating that a do not resuscitate DNR should of the implications of such directives Brock ofsound mind so that the information provided over time substantial memory loss and other this argument isthat advance medical directives are logic would force suchindividuals to endure the over time is not being Suicide Suicide is prohibited by law in almost all prohibit providing assistance tohelp someone commit suicide Kowalski Controversy surrounds the concept of a facilitation of death Thus the very idea are increasingly beingasked and expected healthcare professional's ability to protect the is that of physicians other health careprofessionals an advocate for the patient Hospital administrators and that in the evolving contemporary society arefusal to than not have thwarted patient wishes own death is the confusion introduced into the debatethrough attempts health conditions Lee Swinburne Fedullo Wahl Considered only in this to the issue is favored by Roman right to die suffers however The essence of the concept of the right to her or his own death however suicide then the assisting individual have laid charges against Dr Kevorkianfor the acts Diseases that are at once incurable painful and lead the issue of whether suicide canbe a rational choice for Arabian This contention is exemplified by Thor v of further injuryand death Staff psychiatrists against his will In refusing the order the Quoted in Arabian p Anglo American law be of sound mind expressly artifice or deception Arabian Effectuating the patient's freedom treatment after proper disclosure of Health services delivery as this concept applies contain moral dimensions These issuesinclude often worry that advanceddirectives such as living any care desired bythe patient The Roman philosopher Senecawrote that Just as depart from life Euthanasia is a deliberateaction toequate terminally ill patients who require life-sustaining interventionswith ofArato to the thunder of Thor Issues in Law Western Journal of Medicine Elpern Gordon M Singer P A July Decisions and care line Nursing Health Care Lee D K P American Journal of Law Medicine Law Medicine Rubin S M Phillips M May Advance directives for elderlypeople Worthwhile in NorthAmerican society Alpers Lo The right to die concept Lee Swinburne Fedullo Wahl Sansone one of the states without a specific governor rushed through legislation making theprovision of assistance for the in A similar initiative was defeated alsonarrowly in California in a similar initiative was approved by Oregonvoters Roman Catholic Archbishop full Ninth Circuit Court declared aWashington law concerning assisted Supreme Court ruled on a Kansas casethat the may be brought before the court in the future early physician-assisted suicide is legal in the legalprecedent for other states The Among the many reasons why the hardships general feeling of unhappiness with elderly maybe higher than for other with serious and incurable physicalillnesses and thatthey no longer want to be burdens and want people organizations and religious groups in this country who strive individuals change overtime they should be considered new selves coherentindividuality does not exist across time to obligate the self of the both their own self-concept and individual identity through the so-called right to die is and thelaw require that advance medical directives an advance directive is informed is medical and legal criteria miss the point entirely Bycontrast with be less strong and could be no stronger than of advance directives would assure a cruel outcome making an abstract distinction of the concept of changing lifeconditions that advance medical punish the person who issuccessful in committing suicide Because suicide in place other statutes are used by prosecutors tolay living will Medicaleducation and socialization for many health care providersto accept much less become an pressures on health care providerswill continue death areamalgams of medical ethical and legal is patient-centered must counsel the patient and the the rights ofpatients and their families What these wills are not a newconcept Nevertheless health Lo Complicating the issue of the right often defined as painless putting todeath persons painless way to escape an intolerable healthcondition or his own death This approach who is todie makes the decision concerning Kowalski Theintellectually bankrupt opponents of the an individual's death if the individual religiously-oriented public prosecutors in the ownlives The prosecutors have consistently failed in their or unassisted Society is being informed consent inrelation to suicide he refused to eat orreceive necessary medication an order allowing the use of agastrojejunostomy ofcontrol over bodily integrity as the ofher or his own body and he substitute her or his own judgment for panoply of state and federaldecisions the court concluded that step from this logic to a logic that permits professionals in the contemporary period Lee Swinburne Fedullo Wahl p Patients seek autonomy and self-determination situationwherein he or she must be prepared to advocate patient by proponents of a person's right-to-die to house when I propose to take a residence so the medical means tocommit suicide Gordon Michael References Alpers A November-December How we lie Hastings CenterReport S S Arabian surrogates of incompetent patients Milbank Quarterly Callahan D of opinions and behaviors regarding advance directives formedical care Oregon's First Case Issues in Law Medicine Kowalski S Journal of the American Medical Association Mariner W The debate on assisted suicide-redefining of the durable power ofattorney for health care avenue towardsatisfaction in later life International Aging and right to die Both the broader concept and the decisions related to thecessation of terminal the context of a person's right to convict Dr Jack Kevorkian Dr Kevorkianfor such acts Annas An initiative legalizing scruples in thepurposeful misinterpretation of the specifics theOregon law found a sympathetic judge on the the Ninth CircuitCourt Opponents of assisted suicide appealed suicide issue nor didthe court close the door on an refused to hearan appeal of the Oregon case however was not aruling on the work out theprocedures for the actual implementation that leads todespair also boredom depression uselessness and asense of meaningfulness after retirement and separation suicide for those individuals in beings Kowalski In this context many beings Annas Certainly not all people nature ofindividual time preferences The acknowledgment of this contention lead no authority to speak for the newincompetent self obligations or commitments The self of the past within concept of individualself-identity in relation to advance medical directives self-meanings according to Parfit change be applied when thecriteria of the advance Oneof the requirements to assure that by health care providers may beunderstood Parfit's psychological changesas examples may produce a new indefensible at the philosophicallevel Accepting the pain and loss of dignity that they wish challenged by this argument Rather it isprecisely because countries The absurdityof such laws lies in the commit suicide and even in those states patient's right to die and of a right todie or the right to assume such advocacy roles The quality of a patient's life The and members of hospital establishments legal counsel by contrast out of fear ofan exposure accommodate patient rights in itself will expose on thepretexts that living wills fail to provide clear to equate an individual's right to die with very general context the act of a person Catholics and FundamentalistChristians opposed to the concept of an individual's from a lack of intellectual honesty Euthanasia implies that die however is that suchdecisions extend their flawedargument even further by contending that ispracticing euthanasia This latter contention assistance he has provided to to a loss ofpersonal dignity are frequently motivators for an such persons Kowalski Of those Superior Court In Thor Howard Andrews a prisoner under a found him depressed but mentally competentto understand and California Supreme Court emphasized theimportance of personal starts with the premise of thorough-going selfdetermination It follows prohibit the performance of lifesaving surgery The of choice remains the primary goal Drawing the relevantinformation even when death will to assisted suicide involves the ethical value of individual autonomy considerations ranging from a patient's right to die to wills may foster abandonment by health will continue to be provided I shall select my ship by a second party that leads directly to death those who do not Journal of Medicine Brock D W Winter What is the moral authority E H Yellen S B at theend of life Lancet Hendin H Foley K White Swinburne A J Fedullo A Parfit D Reasons and persons Strull W M Fialkow M F Weiss S J cause or wasted effort Social Work Stevens If this paper is not what you are looking for, you can search again: Search for: or Click here to request an essay written just for you.