ADOLESCENT SUICIDE.   Term Paper ID:23681 Click to get this paper

Essay Subject: Focuses on Canada. Examines incidence, demographics, psychological causes, theories (social, conflict, feminist), self-image, family & gender issues.... More...

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Paper Abstract: Focuses on Canada. Examines incidence, demographics, psychological causes, theories (social, conflict, feminist), self-image, family & gender issues. Paper Introduction: ADOLESCENT SUICIDE IN CANADA Introduction The purpose of this study is to examine the current literature on adolescent suicide in Canada. The paper begins with a delineation of the general scope of the problem; this is followed by an exploration of demographic and psychosocial variables postulated as causal or contributive factors to the problem of adolescent suicide. The third section of the paper places the problem in context by examining the conservative, conflict and feminist models of causative and contributive factors. The final section of the paper presents a series of conclusions about adolescent suicide in Canada which were formulated on the basis of the reviewed material. Text of the Paper: The entire text of the paper is shown below. However, the text is somewhat scrambled. 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From this text you will be able to get a solid sense of the writing style, the concepts addressed, and the sources used in the research paper. of the problem this is feminist models of causative andcontributive factors regarding the scope of adolescent suicide in that the adolescent suicide rate is of special States moreover amongNative groups these have a highersurvival rate than the period using data from the youthsuicide rates more successfully than they did adult suicide at highrisk for adolescent suicide is gay people were given the Adolescent Health Questionnaire who had neither made a suicideattempt nor thought about it and Correlates Several studies have attempted to determine psychosocial causes to Noting that clinical interview is the risk by conducting interviews with them in which people about suicideattempts and ideation It is further recommended that of depression and suicidal probability among new or physical nature of their presentingproblem Data showed that percent sample demonstrated significant suicidal probability andmoderate to severe levels of other hand suicidal probability and acombination of depression and files for youths aged years or less commonly used more lethal methods thanfemale that attachment trauma isanother psychosocial factor that explains at experienced suicidal ideation or behaviors the case groupincluded case and percent of comparison adolescents in psychiatrictreatment had experienced in the clinical comparisongroup p older adolescentswere significantly more likely than other adolescents to by de Man and Leduc who used questionnaire dataobtained from stress perception of health family status academicperformance social support and resultedin a loss of initially significant to suicide Forexample in a study of familyrelationships and ineffective parent-child interactions The adolescentcan family members Boldt reports that another factor contributing to and subcultural normative evaluations ofsuicide and death represent important variables data obtained from twelfth graders and their parents in who stated that differences in suiciderates were associated with the said to result from an inability to case of the sacrificial death of a buddhist monk as falling into this categorymight include those of people who examining for relationships between family integration religious among the young was associated withincreased proneness to commit suicide partially confirm the family integrationexplanation of suicide The is ofcourse suicide Ritzer reports as religious dogmas cultural values personalbeliefs institutional as a resultsocieties are in a state becausethings like power wealth and prestige depending upon a host ofvariables conflict to order and stability this happening when people suicide inrelation to problem solving ability stress did not evidence either rigid of the extent to which stressfulevents could be traditional theoriesabout female adolescent suicide attempters viewed them them is an important goal for nonclinical nonsuicidalfemale adolescents In female adolescents who had never attemptedsuicide Data were than nonattempters as well as less satisfactionwith recommended that futureresearch investigate a number of other are more likely to be depressed because of womencauses so many of them to become depressed Methods framework guided the research Subjects a site of their choosing Interviews were transcribed lives the sense ofobligation and responsibility toward others and their depression put up a facade to growingproblem in Canada and that depression alcohol abuse family disruption attachment trauma the study is that there have been variousmodels proposed M Attachment organizationand history of of Women Quarterly Boldt M Normative evaluations of suicide and Leduc C P Suicidal ideation in high school students Behavior Hodge D M Young adult adolescents Theeffects of family configuration changing suicide pattern in Canadianadolescents and youth compared to their Health Programs and Services Pagliaro L A and bisexual youths Catholic Social Services Ritzer G Hildahl K A five year reviewof youth suicide in Manitoba Suicide in Canada Updateof the report of Behavior L A Pagliaro Adolescent depression and suicide Ibid Lennaars and Lester p Ibid C I Davidson Identifying depressed and suicidal adolescents E Sheldon-Keller and M West Attachment schoolstudents Depression and other correlates Journal of Clinical Psychology of Children's Rights Montreal Canada Canadian and Life-Threatening Behavior G Ritzer Sociological theory New York McGraw-Hill and perceivedavailability and adequacy of relationships Dissertation Abstracts International A p Microfilm Order No AAD Ibid examine the current literature onadolescent suicide in problem of adolescent suicide The third section of the paper were formulated on thebasis of the from to suicide was the second leading cause ofdeath after up from per in to per in afigure adolescents indeed females attempt suicidefour times explored social and economic correlates ofsuicide that in Canada measures of domestic integration divorce and birth by age Proctor and Groze age years who attended youth had attemptedsuicide and percent had seriously considered andisolation Teens with higher-functioning support systems were able regard Pagliaro reports that depression and or psychologists working with student groups risk factors be conducted and that teachers for suicidewas examined by Cappelli Clulow Goodman and Davidson of whom completed the BeckDepression Inventory and the Suicide range and percent falling within the severe range correlated The prevalence ofdepression was found to be greatest in Matas and Hildahl established an information baseabout the nature and rate times higher than that of non-aboriginals as well as at thetime of their suicide and more males than females study of Canadian adolescents inpsychiatric treatment The comparison the Adult AttachmentInterview In accordance with definitions provided in discussion of these events in percent of adolescents in between traumatic experience andsuicidal behavior wasassociated with the comparison group A comprehensive study of social support Associations were found between suicidalideation and the variables Semipartial correlationanalyses was said to show that removal healthsatisfaction Family factors have also vulnerability duringadolescence It was also noted that suicidal behavior can hostility toward family members Suicide may serve as gain a better understanding of possiblecausal factors underlying increasing of more accepting attitudes by today's their parents Theoretical Models Perhaps one of the best known three categories of suicide egoistic altruistic goals or to achieve some greater when a person's relationship to society hypothesis that suicide varies inverselywith the extent data for and According to Trovato family dissolution waspositive and significant for both young men this model centers around social stressorsand people's varied responses to element ofsociety which itself is determined theory holds thatconflict is a young against old male againstfemale etc At the larger social theorists asthe struggle that occurs day after day as people be positive In such cases conflict is said to act of conflict theory is a study conducted byWilson controls According to Wilson et suicidal group did report recent histories perspective of adolescent suicide has female adolescence suggests that achievinggreater interdependency the perceived availability andadequacy of relationships for samples needs did notsignificantly differentiate suicide attempters from nonattempters Attempters however were indeed causally related to feminist perspective whichfocuses on the higher attempted suicide rates to more thoroughly understand this phenomenon Hodge conducted a study to discuss whatthey perceived to Women self-identified their depression andresponded Qualitative findings of the study were said to indicate these women felt the need to basis of the reviewedresearch First it there are a number of psychosocialcauses and family status academic performance and low that the most comprehensive explanationis probably a multivariate paradigm BIBLIOGRAPHY O E The dependency needs and perceivedavailability and adequacy of I Identifying depressed and suicidal adolescents in a teen health Gartrell J W Jarvis G K Derksen International A p Microfilm Order No Children's Rights Montreal Canada Canadian the report of the Task Force on of School Psychology Proctor C D Groze V K Canada and Suicide and Life-Threatening coping in adolescent suicide attempts Suicide andLife-Threatening Behavior National Gartrell G K Jarvis and L Derksen Suicidality amongadolescent Lester The changing suicide pattern Pagliaro p Ibid M Cappelli M K Hildahl A five yearreview of youth suicide in Manitoba Psychology A F de Man and Theeffects of family configuration and environment on suicidality Free Press F Trovato A coping in adolescent suicide attempts Suicide andLife-Threatening Behavior Ibid women and the social constructionof ADOLESCENT SUICIDE IN CANADA Introduction The followed by an exploration ofdemographic and The final section of the paper presents a series Canada have beencompiled by the National concern because it hasgreatly increased over the last years figures are even higher Pagliaro reports that attempted male adolescents because they use WHO Rates of birth divorce marriage rates Inthe United States for the lesbian and bisexual youth Thisclaim is based on whichassessed family issues social environment and self-perceptions Findingsof the possessed internal and external qualities thatenabled them andcorrelates of adolescent suicide One psychosocial factor that best available method forassessment of suicide risk theylook for clues to depression any developedinterventions for reducing risk involve parents or legal guardians referralsto an adolescent health clinic Subjects of subjects' scores on the BDI documentedthem as depressed depression It was also observed that the suicidal probability were most prevalent insubjects with who had committedsuicide A high ratio of It was further observed that depression was apparent in mostcases least some instances ofadolescent suicide in Canada adolescents with histories of suicidal behavior n attachment-related trauma It was noted thatlapses in the monitoring which was said to suggest that cognitive disorganizationmay be in the casegroup Preoccupied attachment and English-Canadian high school students to examine therelationship between suicidal ideation anomie Multiple regression analysis identified depression and alcohol relationships between suicidal ideationand the other variables the effects of family disruption on suicidality inCanadian adolescents Kurtz thus experience diminished coping resources youth suicide isattitude change across generations in an individual's decisionto choose the suicidal option the a medium-size Canadian city supportedthe impact of social forces In integrateoneself with society while altruistic suicide was motivated by aprotest against some element of the social order Anomic have lost their personal wealth integration and economic anomie as measured by Specifically it was observedthat religious detachment among the young was economic anomie thesis received no support Another explanative model that originally the conflict modelwas based arrangements and general class structures In of constant change Conflicts are said to involvea broad are not available to everyone However at theorists hold that the consequences of conflict caneither be ofcommon interests join together to seek gains that and coping Subjectsconsisted of adolescents years old of whom thinking or deficits in theability to generate solutions controlled Also suicidal adolescents were more likely toidentify maladaptive as experiencingdifficulty in achieving adequate separation-individuation However an effort to examine these views Bettridge and collected using interview methods Findings were these relationships It was concluded that risk factors including relationaldissatisfaction familial suicide theetiology of women's and men's depression differs involving having women talk about and describe in thestudy were seven young adult women age who were andreviewed by participants during a second interview Additional data the lack of control overtheir environment be happy and deal withphysical symptoms from their depression high risk groups include both Indians gay lesbian and low self-esteem external locus of control drug to explain adolescent suicide All of suicidal behavior in clinical adolescents Journal ofConsulting and death A cross-generational study Omega Cappelli M Clulow Depression and other correlates Journal of women and the social construction ofdepression A qualitative and environment on suicidality SecondInternational Conference for the American counterparts Adolescence National Task Force on Suicide in Adolescent depression and suicide A review andanalysis Sociological theory New York McGraw-Hill Trovato F A Canadian Journal of Psychiatry Wilson K G Stelzer J the Task Force on Suicide in Canada Canada MentalHealth Division A review andanalysis of the current literature Canadian Journal D Proctor and V K Groze Risk factors for suicide in a teen health clinic Canadian Journal of Adolescent Health organizationand history of suicidal behavior in L Kurtz and J L Derevensky Journalof School Psychology M Boldt Normative evaluations of suicide and Ibid K G Wilson J Stelzer J N Bergman in female adolescent suicideattempters Psychology Canada The paper begins with a delineation of thegeneral scope places the problem in context byexamining the conservative conflict and reviewed material Scope of the Problem Data car accidents for Canadians aged and years The reportnoted that is higher than that of the United more frequently However female adolescents rates for those aged years in Canada over rates and economy unemployment rate predicted state that another group that may be groups across boththe United States and Canada Young suicide The percent of young people to usethose systems instead of considering suicide Psychosocial Causes was the most frequently reported riskfactor in adolescent suicide from to begin toidentify teens as at counselors and psychologists specifically ask young who examined the six-month prevalence Probability Scale and were categorizedaccording to the psychological and of depression Approximately percent of the subjects with both physical andpsychological complaints On the cause of youth suicide in Canada by examining medicalexaminers' more histories of alcohol abuse depression andprior suicide attempts Males were facing criminalcharges Adam Sheldon-Keller and West state group comprised adolescents whohad never the scoring system percent of thecase group but in only percent of adolescents It was also observed that female adolescents and the psychosocial correlates of adolescentsuicide was conducted variables of gender self-esteem locus of control depression drug use of the effect of depression been found to be related be a concomitant ofprolonged and progressive family disruption inadequate a lasteffort to communicate with suicide rates among the young It washypothesized that since cultural youth towardsuicide and death Questionnaire and interview models of suicide is that proposed byFrench sociologist Emile Durkheim and anomic Egoistic suicide was or higher cause e g as in the wasunbalanced in some dramatic fashion Suicides of social integration in family religious political andeconomic life by findings provided confirmation for thehypothesis that religious detachment and women in but not in which was said to these stressors one of which by economic organizations reflected insuch social features permanent feature of social life and that level conflicts are said to result try to maintain andimprove their positions in life Moreover as an integrative acting as a forcethat contributes Stelzer Bergman and Kral who evaluated adolescent al the results of the study showed that thesuicidal group of more severe lifestress and showed inaccurate appraisal been discussed byBettridge and Favreau The authors note that within relationships rather than increasedindependence from of female adolescents who hadattempted suicide and did report both a smaller social network and fewerintimate relationships thefemale adolescents' suicide attempts It was also of females both adults andadolescents is that women to determine what in the daily lives be the source of their depression A feminist theoretical to posted flyers Non-scheduled unstructured interviews wereconducted at that forthese young women issues of violence in their force themselves to overcome theparalysis of can be concluded that adolescent suicide is a correlates to adolescent suicide in Canada These include levels of social support A third conclusion of Adam K S Sheldon-Keller A E West relationships in female adolescent suicideattempters Psychology clinic Canadian Journal of Adolescent Health de Man A F L Suicidality amongadolescent Alberta Indians Suicide And Life-Threatening AAD Kurtz L Derevensky J L Stress and coping in Journalof School Psychology Leenaars A A Lester D The Suicide in Canada Canada MentalHealth Division Health Services Directorate Risk factors for suicide among gay lesbian Behavior Sigurdson E Staley D Matas M Task Force on Suicide in Canada Alberta Indians Suicide And Life-Threatening inCanadian adolescents and youth compared to their American counterparts Adolescence Clulow J T Goodman and S Canadian Journal of Psychiatry K S Adam A C P Leduc Suicidal ideation in high SecondInternational Conference for the Child of the Organization for theProtection Durkheimian analysis of youth suicide Canada and Suicide B J Bettridge and O E The dependency needs depression A qualitative study Doctoral Dissertation Ohio StateUniversity purpose of this study is to psychosocial variables postulated as causal or contributivefactors to the ofconclusions about adolescent suicide in Canada which Task Force on Suicide According to the TaskForce report Regarding this increase the Task Force stated that adolescentsuicide is suicide is higher among femaleadolescents than among male less lethal means Leenaars and Lester andunemployment were obtained from the United Nations annual Findings showed same period there was less variation in thepredictors of suicide their study of self-identified gay lesbian andbisexual youths mean study indicated that percent of the teens to cope well in the face of discrimination loneliness has beenrepeated associated with adolescent suicide is depression In this Pagliaro recommends that school teachers counselors Pagliaro also recommends that a completeevaluation for additional The extent to which depression places adolescents at risk in the study were Canadian adolescents aged years all with percent falling in the moderate Beck Depression Inventory and theSuicide Probability Scale were highly only psychological complaints Sigurdson Staley male to female suicide was found Aboriginals had a suicide About percent of all youths studied were alcohol impaired This claim is based on the findings ofthe authors' case-comparison andsevere suicidal ideation n Attachment patterns were assessed using of reasoning or discourse occurred during theattempted be an important variable mediating unresolved-disorganized attachment wasassociated with the case group whereas dismissing attachment and selected personal variables stress and use asbest individual predictors among these except for alcohol use drug use and and Derevensky concluded that parental conflictand divorce may increase psychological and feelings of isolation loss and In his study two intrafamilialgenerations were investigated to reported increase in youth suicide ratesmay be a function hypothesis that the youthful generation holds more accepting attitudes than thisregard Durkheim postulated that there were the person'sdesire to further group suicide on theother hand was said to result such asin the Great Depression Trovato tested Durkheim's unemployment onyoung Canadians' aged years using suicide rate associated with increasedproneness to commit suicide The effect of of adolescent suicide is that of conflicttheory According to Ritzer on Marxian notions that class conflict is an integral its more current form however conflict range of groups or interests e g the more personal level conflict is regarded by social problems such as suicide or they can actually will benefit them all Somewhat supportive had made suicidalattempts and of whom were nonpsychiatric to standardized interpersonal problems However the behaviors as ways of coping The feminist theystate that recent work on Favreauinvestigated both dependency needs and said to indicate that dependency more research was requiredto establish whether dependency needs attempts and abuse Hodge stated that the essence of the given their differentrealities In an effort theirdepression as it manifests itself in their daily lives and single and collegeeducated with no children wereprovided by observational notes a reflexive journal and pamphlets ondepression and others were major contributors to their depression In addition Conclusions Several conclusions may be formulated on the bisexual teens and females Second it can be concluded that use stress perception of health these models havesome degree of support suggesting Clinical Psychology Bettridge B J Favreau M K Goodman J T Davidson S Clinical Psychology Durkheim E Suicide New York Free Press study Doctoral Dissertation Ohio StateUniversity Dissertation Abstracts Child of the Organization for theProtection of Canada Suicide in Canada Updateof of the current literature Canadian Journal Durkheimian analysis of youth suicide Bergman J N Kral M J Problemsolving stress and Health Services Directorate Health Programs and Services J W of School Psychology Ibid A A Leenaars and D among gay lesbian and bisexual youths Catholic Social Services Ibid E Sigurdson D Staley M Matas and K clinical adolescents Journal ofConsulting and Clinical Stress and coping in adolescents death A cross-generational study Omega E Durkheim Suicide New York and M J Kral Problemsolving stress and of Women Quarterly Hodge D M Young adult of the problem this is feminist models of causative andcontributive factors regarding the scope of adolescent suicide in that the adolescent suicide rate is of special States moreover amongNative groups these have a highersurvival rate than the period using data from the youthsuicide rates more successfully than they did adult suicide at highrisk for adolescent suicide is gay people were given the Adolescent Health Questionnaire who had neither made a suicideattempt nor thought about it and Correlates Several studies have attempted to determine psychosocial causes to Noting that clinical interview is the risk by conducting interviews with them in which people about suicideattempts and ideation It is further recommended that of depression and suicidal probability among new or physical nature of their presentingproblem Data showed that percent sample demonstrated significant suicidal probability andmoderate to severe levels of other hand suicidal probability and acombination of depression and files for youths aged years or less commonly used more lethal methods thanfemale that attachment trauma isanother psychosocial factor that explains at experienced suicidal ideation or behaviors the case groupincluded case and percent of comparison adolescents in psychiatrictreatment had experienced in the clinical comparisongroup p older adolescentswere significantly more likely than other adolescents to by de Man and Leduc who used questionnaire dataobtained from stress perception of health family status academicperformance social support and resultedin a loss of initially significant to suicide Forexample in a study of familyrelationships and ineffective parent-child interactions The adolescentcan family members Boldt reports that another factor contributing to and subcultural normative evaluations ofsuicide and death represent important variables data obtained from twelfth graders and their parents in who stated that differences in suiciderates were associated with the said to result from an inability to case of the sacrificial death of a buddhist monk as falling into this categorymight include those of people who examining for relationships between family integration religious among the young was associated withincreased proneness to commit suicide partially confirm the family integrationexplanation of suicide The is ofcourse suicide Ritzer reports as religious dogmas cultural values personalbeliefs institutional as a resultsocieties are in a state becausethings like power wealth and prestige depending upon a host ofvariables conflict to order and stability this happening when people suicide inrelation to problem solving ability stress did not evidence either rigid of the extent to which stressfulevents could be traditional theoriesabout female adolescent suicide attempters viewed them them is an important goal for nonclinical nonsuicidalfemale adolescents In female adolescents who had never attemptedsuicide Data were than nonattempters as well as less satisfactionwith recommended that futureresearch investigate a number of other are more likely to be depressed because of womencauses so many of them to become depressed Methods framework guided the research Subjects a site of their choosing Interviews were transcribed lives the sense ofobligation and responsibility toward others and their depression put up a facade to growingproblem in Canada and that depression alcohol abuse family disruption attachment trauma the study is that there have been variousmodels proposed M Attachment organizationand history of of Women Quarterly Boldt M Normative evaluations of suicide and Leduc C P Suicidal ideation in high school students Behavior Hodge D M Young adult adolescents Theeffects of family configuration changing suicide pattern in Canadianadolescents and youth compared to their Health Programs and Services Pagliaro L A and bisexual youths Catholic Social Services Ritzer G Hildahl K A five year reviewof youth suicide in Manitoba Suicide in Canada Updateof the report of Behavior L A Pagliaro Adolescent depression and suicide Ibid Lennaars and Lester p Ibid C I Davidson Identifying depressed and suicidal adolescents E Sheldon-Keller and M West Attachment schoolstudents Depression and other correlates Journal of Clinical Psychology of Children's Rights Montreal Canada Canadian and Life-Threatening Behavior G Ritzer Sociological theory New York McGraw-Hill and perceivedavailability and adequacy of relationships Dissertation Abstracts International A p Microfilm Order No AAD Ibid examine the current literature onadolescent suicide in problem of adolescent suicide The third section of the paper were formulated on thebasis of the from to suicide was the second leading cause ofdeath after up from per in to per in afigure adolescents indeed females attempt suicidefour times explored social and economic correlates ofsuicide that in Canada measures of domestic integration divorce and birth by age Proctor and Groze age years who attended youth had attemptedsuicide and percent had seriously considered andisolation Teens with higher-functioning support systems were able regard Pagliaro reports that depression and or psychologists working with student groups risk factors be conducted and that teachers for suicidewas examined by Cappelli Clulow Goodman and Davidson of whom completed the BeckDepression Inventory and the Suicide range and percent falling within the severe range correlated The prevalence ofdepression was found to be greatest in Matas and Hildahl established an information baseabout the nature and rate times higher than that of non-aboriginals as well as at thetime of their suicide and more males than females study of Canadian adolescents inpsychiatric treatment The comparison the Adult AttachmentInterview In accordance with definitions provided in discussion of these events in percent of adolescents in between traumatic experience andsuicidal behavior wasassociated with the comparison group A comprehensive study of social support Associations were found between suicidalideation and the variables Semipartial correlationanalyses was said to show that removal healthsatisfaction Family factors have also vulnerability duringadolescence It was also noted that suicidal behavior can hostility toward family members Suicide may serve as gain a better understanding of possiblecausal factors underlying increasing of more accepting attitudes by today's their parents Theoretical Models Perhaps one of the best known three categories of suicide egoistic altruistic goals or to achieve some greater when a person's relationship to society hypothesis that suicide varies inverselywith the extent data for and According to Trovato family dissolution waspositive and significant for both young men this model centers around social stressorsand people's varied responses to element ofsociety which itself is determined theory holds thatconflict is a young against old male againstfemale etc At the larger social theorists asthe struggle that occurs day after day as people be positive In such cases conflict is said to act of conflict theory is a study conducted byWilson controls According to Wilson et suicidal group did report recent histories perspective of adolescent suicide has female adolescence suggests that achievinggreater interdependency the perceived availability andadequacy of relationships for samples needs did notsignificantly differentiate suicide attempters from nonattempters Attempters however were indeed causally related to feminist perspective whichfocuses on the higher attempted suicide rates to more thoroughly understand this phenomenon Hodge conducted a study to discuss whatthey perceived to Women self-identified their depression andresponded Qualitative findings of the study were said to indicate these women felt the need to basis of the reviewedresearch First it there are a number of psychosocialcauses and family status academic performance and low that the most comprehensive explanationis probably a multivariate paradigm BIBLIOGRAPHY O E The dependency needs and perceivedavailability and adequacy of I Identifying depressed and suicidal adolescents in a teen health Gartrell J W Jarvis G K Derksen International A p Microfilm Order No Children's Rights Montreal Canada Canadian the report of the Task Force on of School Psychology Proctor C D Groze V K Canada and Suicide and Life-Threatening coping in adolescent suicide attempts Suicide andLife-Threatening Behavior National Gartrell G K Jarvis and L Derksen Suicidality amongadolescent Lester The changing suicide pattern Pagliaro p Ibid M Cappelli M K Hildahl A five yearreview of youth suicide in Manitoba Psychology A F de Man and Theeffects of family configuration and environment on suicidality Free Press F Trovato A coping in adolescent suicide attempts Suicide andLife-Threatening Behavior Ibid women and the social constructionof If this paper is not what you are looking for, you can search again: Search for: or Click here to request an essay written just for you.