ALCOHOLISM IN DEAF WOMEN.   Term Paper ID:22468 Click to get this paper

Essay Subject: Special problems & needs of women & disabled related to alcohol, biology, stigmatization, access to treatment resources.... More...

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Paper Abstract: Special problems & needs of women & disabled related to alcohol, biology, stigmatization, access to treatment resources. Paper Introduction: Alcoholism in Deaf Women Alcohol usage is extremely common in the United States. Its abuse, however, is also the cause of considerable social harm. Alcoholism is a chronic, progressive disease resulting from persistent and excessive drinking. In addition to health problems, alcoholic behavior can result in familial, vocational, and legal difficulties. In recent years, the problem of alcoholism among the disabled has received increasing attention. More specifically, hearing-impaired women may be particularly vulnerable to the drug's adverse effects. Tyas & Rush (1993) define a handicapped person as "anyone with a physical or mental disability that limits substantially one or more of such major life activities as walking, seeing, hearing, speaking, working, or learning" (Tyas & Rush, 1993, pp. Text of the Paper: The entire text of the paper is shown below. However, the text is somewhat scrambled. We want to give you as much information as we possibly can about our papers and essays, but we cannot give them away for free. In the text below you will find that while disordered, many of the phrases are essentially intact. From this text you will be able to get a solid sense of the writing style, the concepts addressed, and the sources used in the research paper. from persistent and excessivedrinking In thedrug's adverse effects Tyas Rush define a handicapped person of thedisabled to alcohol-related problems suggest that substance abuse among affected by alcoholabuse consists of hearing-impaired women Although the nation's single most chronicphysical disability Likewise the of onset though hearing loss can pp described deaf people as rage Perhaps it is moreaccurate however Language Membership within thiscommunity depends to the hearing population deaf adults are generally less deaf adults has referred to double-stereotyping' a double handicap' double-pronged on more traditional perceptions of appropriate the prevalence of substance abusewithin the hearing-impaired population is that of the hearing population Similarly Isaacs among the hearing-impaired In fact using data It might also be noted that some of the heaviestdrinking community women may be the most severely isimplicated in a third of suicides half of Women also appear to suffer more ill effects from and brain damage Comparedto men women alcoholics suffer from a lower albumin levels longer prothrombin times and higher gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase for the apparent increased vulnerability of Since alcohol dilutes in water gastric alcohol dehydrogenase In fact though the relative contributions of decreased body waterand increased gastrointestinal particularly damagingeffects of alcohol abuse among women are well documented alcohol abuse with sexual promiscuity El-Guebaly pp Such views which also believe that alcoholic women are unrewarding marriage economicstress or depression patterns of deaf women Obviously a considerable amount of alcohol Act of all jobs education effective' as that available tothe general population Whitehouse et al their own therapies Over the such populations as groups that have commonsocial psychological or populations which research suggests may be particularly underserved by alcoholism of disability generally reflects the relative programs have the potential to programs Tyas Rush pp Unfortunately as a unitary disease processanalogous the ongoing disagreement between those who believethat it is important problem itself NAS pp Despite the fact that et al noted that there are less than residentialchemical dependency regular hearing activities Clearly there hasbeen a that there are two fundamental problems faced by thedeaf alcohol there is a strong stigmatization and lessaccessible to treatment Moore Polsgrove pp The organized deaf community Such groups et al pp Furthermore even when resources are alcoholism rehabilitation agencies inthe U S are personnel who can communicate in American Sign Language Whitehouse et sign language or interpreted on anyconsistent basis Whitehouse et al pp Obviously the problems seek treatment for alcohol abuse It is estimated attached to alcoholic women the associated face furtherobstacles to treatment The community's severe attitudes towards been recognized Although federal statutes require thatmental health care intimately familiar with both the deaf community and G R September Alcoholism in women American Family Physician Isaacs of the Deaf Magilvy J K May-June Medicine Division of Mental Health and Behavioral Medicine Broadening children American Annals of the Deaf Steinberg Studies of Alcohol Whitehouse A Sherman R is also the cause of considerable social harm problemof alcoholism among the disabled has received suchmajor life activities as walking seeing hearing substance abuse remains unknown At present only sparseprevalence data merit increased therapeuticfocus One group much as percent of the todetermine One national survey conducted in physiological psychological and socioenvironmental problems In fact the researcher hypothesized that audition might actually As a whole the deaf community refers to all studies have observedthat hearing-impaired persons as a group may prevalent among deaf women Over community women suffer from a dual stereotyping which consists of implications withregard to deaf women's substance abuse concluded that the rate of alcoholism among al pp Hence just as there areheavy drinkers among the NationalInstitute on Drug Abuse McCrone cited in Steinberg pp estimated Polsgrove pp reported that percent of students within one alcoholism is the third leading causeof death for women that alcoholism may decrease an averagewoman's life expectancy alcoholics In addition women whodrink heavily also appear to be hyaline necrosis is also more common among women Withincreased liver discomfort amenorrhea luteal phasedysfunction anovulation females have a lowertotal body water as men Additionally Frazza cited in El-Guebaly pp as it does in men This ultimately results hormonalalterations and genetic vulnerability may also be involved traditionally considersalcoholism less acceptable in women may make more of an attempt Such stressors may include for example the perception of quality oflife Magilvy pp Such serviceswhich are responsive to this population According people In addition the law mandate remains questionable Although thedisabled are often and evaluating the national system of treatment foralcohol problems Diesenhaus pp Inaddition a recent publication by the National Institute on the multidisabled and women Despitesuch consideration though associated with the provision of addiction services tothe training Yet another more complex possibilityfor such addiction someresearchers believe that problem drinking in special population individual Saxe and colleages cited in NAS pp individuals being treated and those treatment services Unfortunately though themental health service needs of of the programs that are inexistence merely use sign language thehearing-impaired Whitehouse et al pp Isaacs et al outsiders Hence this subculture may maintainbehaviors which are distinct suppress these individuals' awareness of drinkingproblems they programs The possibility of alcoholism among the don't want to spend the next hundred yearstrying deaf adults comes from personal contact and modem which thusenables deaf persons to communicate hearing-impaired For instance there are patients that are able to receive treatment Oneprogram only compounded for hearing-impairedwomen Even among a female maleproportion of admissions of El-Guebaly pp Reasonsgiven for treatment facilities Considering the mores access to government-mandated alcohol rehabilitativeservices and access to aftercarefacilities Such needs might be best Journal of Psychiatry Revue Canadienne de Psychiatrie Gearhart October The career status of misuse A review The International Journal ofthe Addictions National Academy P C October Acquisition andgeneralization May The treatment of disabled personswith alcohol and drug Alcoholism in Deaf Women Alcohol usage is extremely addition to health problems alcoholic behavior can as anyone with aphysical or has been a subject of considerabledebate Whether the disabled isat least as prevalent as in the general no reliable data existon the number of deaf persons in prevalence of prelingual i e thatwhich have a significant impact on allother being unruly impulsive nonempathic andnoninsightful Similarly Altshuler cited in Steinberg to characterize deaf people as a heterogenous populationwhich has less on the individual's degree of hearing loss and welleducated more often underemployed and typically stereotyping' double-jeopardy' and the double whammy' experienced by deaf sex roles within thedeaf community difficult to determine precisely Isaacs Berman cited Buckley Martin found that normally functioning deafpersons have drinking collected bythe National Institute of thus far observed has occurred exclusively within the deafculture affected byalcohol abuse In the general population the effects traffic fatalities a fourth ofaccidental deaths and thousands of birth alcoholism thanmen For instance suicide and alcohol-related higher incidence of alcoholichepatitis Moreover the levels Alcohol abuse in women has also females toalcohol may relate to lower body water contentresults in higher blood alcohol levels among women gastric alcohol dehydrogenase absorption towards the development ofalcohol intoxication in In addition to their biologic vulnerability women's general may be especially prevalent in the more likelythan alcoholic men to drink in Magilvy noted that women experiencing a highdegree abuse occurs among thedisabled Moreover the U and servicesprovided by agencies and institutions pp Unfortunately though the extent past several decades variouspopulation subgroups have been legal characteristics and that have encounteredbarriers treatmentprograms NAS pp The report importance of thedisability with regard to any increase treatmentavailability In contrast though specialized programs may there is a relative paucity of data concerning to cancer or diabetes the occurrence and manifestation to provide culturally specialized treatment programsusing staff their relative effectiveness has yet to beconfirmed considerable resources continue treatment programs in the U disproportionate lack of attention with regard to prevention outreach and abuser For one there is a tendency within the against drunkenness Consequently deaf persons may try harder to hide stigmatization against drunkenness within the deaf community typicallyprotest We have been fighting to rid the hearing community available deaf people may haveonly a restricted equipped with Telecommunications Devices for the Deaf TDD TDD al pp Lastly there are also relatively This lack of aftercare can have associated with the provision of that thefemale to male ratio of alcoholic stigma ofperceived sexual promiscuity the lack of drinking as well as its traditional outlook be accessible to the disabled deaf women remainunderserved The recovering its culture References El-Guebaly N March M Buckley G Martin D Patterns of drinkingamong the deaf Quality of life of hearing-impaired older women Nursing thebase of treatment for alcohol problems A April Issues in providing mental healthservices to hearing-impaired persons E Kozlowski K The needsof deaf substance Alcoholism is achronic progressive disease resulting increasing attention Morespecifically hearing-impaired women may be particularly vulnerable to speaking working orlearning Tyas Rush pp The susceptiblity exist Moore Polsgrove pp This limitedresearch however does in particular which may be adversely general population Thisestimate therefore makes deafness identified over hearing-impaired children Steinberg pp Regardless ofthe age Magilvy pp Rainer and associates cited in Steinberg benecessary for the internalized control of those people who employa common language American Sign have difficulty acquiringappropriate social behaviors Rasing Duker pp Compared thelast several years the literature on the following external stereotyping based on deafness and internal stereotypingbased behaviors As with most disabled groups hearing-impaired personsis at least equivalent to hearing population so must there also bealcoholics in that there were approximately deaf alcoholics inthe United States school for the deaf wereactively using alcohol Within the deaf between the ages of and years Indeed it by as many as years Gearhart pp more sensitive to liver disease gynecologic disorders obstetric complications damage women may also suffer from and early menopause Gearhart pp One reason content i e percent for females versus percentfor males observed that women have lower levels of inmore alcohol being absorbed into women's circulation At present Regardless ofthe underlying physiological mechanisms however the than in men Many persons actuallyassociate female to conceal their drinking Some researchers recentloss of a loved one a family crisis an influences might potentiallyaffect the drinking to Section of theFederal Rehabilitation also mandates that thelevel of services be as equitable' and grouped together persons with different disabilitiesmay require cited in NAS pp offered acomprehensive definition of Alcohol Abuseand Alcoholism elaborated on the needs of special the number of programs presently tailored toeach type disabled involves the relative merits of general versus specializedprograms General services may consist of incorporating specializedservices into general addiction groups ismultidimensional They view alcoholism concluded that the evidence is notavailable to resolve who believetreatment should focus on the alcohol the deaf community remain underserved Whitehouse interpreters to enable their deafpatients to participate in and Boros cited in Moore Polsgrove pp hypothesized from the greater population Second amongthese behaviors also make the alcoholic more socially isolated hearing-impaired has occasionallymet massive denial by the to erase another devastating slur deaf and drunk' Isaacs with other deafpersons Unfortunately though few over the telephone In addition fewfacilities employ not many AlcoholicsAnonymous meetings conducted in working with deaf substance abusers reported a percent relapserate the general population a disproportionately smallnumber of women the underrepresentation of women in formal treatment include thegreater stigma generallyheld by the deaf community hearing-impaired women may Only in recent decades have the problems of hearing-impairedsubstance abusers addressed by health professionals whoare J G Beebe D K Milhorn H T Meeks deafwomen A comparative look American Annals of Sciences Committee of the Institute of of social behaviors in language-disabled deaf problems Results of a survey of addiction services Journal of common in the United States Its abuse however result infamilial vocational and legal difficulties In recent years the mental disability that limits substantially one or more of depression or low self-esteem within this populationcontributes to population Furthermore amongcertain disabled populations this abuse may the United States the hearing-impairedmay comprise as occurs before three years of age deafness is also difficult areas of life compounding other age-related pp also noted increased impulsive behavior among the hearing-impaired been subject to various and sometimes inappropriate generalizations moreon their identification with deaf culture Several have lower incomes Moreover such tendencies may be most women MacLeod-Gallinger pp Apparently within the deaf Such stereotyping may have significant in Whitehouse Sherman Kozlowski pp patterns similar to those of a comparable hearingpopulation Isaacs et Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism and the Locke Johnson cited in Moore of this abuse amongwomen are considerable For example defects and divorces Inaddition it has been estimated accidents are more commonamong female alcoholics than among male most severe form of alcoholic hepatitis centralsclerosing been correlated with dysmenorrhea heavymenstrual flow premenstrual body water Compared to males among women given the same doses ofethanol metabolizes only about percent as much alcohol women remain unclear In addition drinkingpatterns are different from those of men Society deafcommunity can cause feelings of guilt and embarrassment Consequently women response to environmental stress Gearhart pp of hearing handicap generally have a lower S government is obligated to provide that receive federal funding must beaccessible to disabled to which various agencies adhere tothe Rehabilitation Act's identified as special populations for thepurposes of planning in obtaining appropriate treatment NAS identified eight majorpopulation subgroups including both given institution's client population Tyas Rush pp One main issue provide moreresources and better staff thebenefits of different types of addiction service In fact ofsymptoms then might be unique to each who share the cultural background and language whenappropriate of the to be allocated towards thedevelopment of specialized S with additional servicesfor the hearing-impaired Moreover most development of specialized treatment resources for deafcommunity to be closed to their drinking Suchactions not only haseven in some cases impeded the development of rehabilitation of thestereotype deaf and dumb' we knowledge of them Much of the general informationacquired by technology essentially consists of a keyboard few aftercare services available tothe a considerable impact onthose hearing-impaired treatmentservices to the hearing-impaired are individuals is approximately However alcoholism rehabilitation programs report child care facilities and thelack of specialized on gender roles might effectivelyrestrict deaf women's deaf alcoholic needs community-basedresidential programs vocational rehabilitation Alcohol and polysubstance abuse amongwomen Canadian American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse MacLeod-Gallinger J E Research Moore D Polsgrove L Disabilities developmentalhandicaps and substance Washington D C NationalAcademy Press Rasing E J Duker Hospital and Community Psychiatry Tyas S Rush B abusers in Illinois American Journal of Drug andAlcohol Abuse from persistent and excessivedrinking In thedrug's adverse effects Tyas Rush define a handicapped person of thedisabled to alcohol-related problems suggest that substance abuse among affected by alcoholabuse consists of hearing-impaired women Although the nation's single most chronicphysical disability Likewise the of onset though hearing loss can pp described deaf people as rage Perhaps it is moreaccurate however Language Membership within thiscommunity depends to the hearing population deaf adults are generally less deaf adults has referred to double-stereotyping' a double handicap' double-pronged on more traditional perceptions of appropriate the prevalence of substance abusewithin the hearing-impaired population is that of the hearing population Similarly Isaacs among the hearing-impaired In fact using data It might also be noted that some of the heaviestdrinking community women may be the most severely isimplicated in a third of suicides half of Women also appear to suffer more ill effects from and brain damage Comparedto men women alcoholics suffer from a lower albumin levels longer prothrombin times and higher gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase for the apparent increased vulnerability of Since alcohol dilutes in water gastric alcohol dehydrogenase In fact though the relative contributions of decreased body waterand increased gastrointestinal particularly damagingeffects of alcohol abuse among women are well documented alcohol abuse with sexual promiscuity El-Guebaly pp Such views which also believe that alcoholic women are unrewarding marriage economicstress or depression patterns of deaf women Obviously a considerable amount of alcohol Act of all jobs education effective' as that available tothe general population Whitehouse et al their own therapies Over the such populations as groups that have commonsocial psychological or populations which research suggests may be particularly underserved by alcoholism of disability generally reflects the relative programs have the potential to programs Tyas Rush pp Unfortunately as a unitary disease processanalogous the ongoing disagreement between those who believethat it is important problem itself NAS pp Despite the fact that et al noted that there are less than residentialchemical dependency regular hearing activities Clearly there hasbeen a that there are two fundamental problems faced by thedeaf alcohol there is a strong stigmatization and lessaccessible to treatment Moore Polsgrove pp The organized deaf community Such groups et al pp Furthermore even when resources are alcoholism rehabilitation agencies inthe U S are personnel who can communicate in American Sign Language Whitehouse et sign language or interpreted on anyconsistent basis Whitehouse et al pp Obviously the problems seek treatment for alcohol abuse It is estimated attached to alcoholic women the associated face furtherobstacles to treatment The community's severe attitudes towards been recognized Although federal statutes require thatmental health care intimately familiar with both the deaf community and G R September Alcoholism in women American Family Physician Isaacs of the Deaf Magilvy J K May-June Medicine Division of Mental Health and Behavioral Medicine Broadening children American Annals of the Deaf Steinberg Studies of Alcohol Whitehouse A Sherman R is also the cause of considerable social harm problemof alcoholism among the disabled has received suchmajor life activities as walking seeing hearing substance abuse remains unknown At present only sparseprevalence data merit increased therapeuticfocus One group much as percent of the todetermine One national survey conducted in physiological psychological and socioenvironmental problems In fact the researcher hypothesized that audition might actually As a whole the deaf community refers to all studies have observedthat hearing-impaired persons as a group may prevalent among deaf women Over community women suffer from a dual stereotyping which consists of implications withregard to deaf women's substance abuse concluded that the rate of alcoholism among al pp Hence just as there areheavy drinkers among the NationalInstitute on Drug Abuse McCrone cited in Steinberg pp estimated Polsgrove pp reported that percent of students within one alcoholism is the third leading causeof death for women that alcoholism may decrease an averagewoman's life expectancy alcoholics In addition women whodrink heavily also appear to be hyaline necrosis is also more common among women Withincreased liver discomfort amenorrhea luteal phasedysfunction anovulation females have a lowertotal body water as men Additionally Frazza cited in El-Guebaly pp as it does in men This ultimately results hormonalalterations and genetic vulnerability may also be involved traditionally considersalcoholism less acceptable in women may make more of an attempt Such stressors may include for example the perception of quality oflife Magilvy pp Such serviceswhich are responsive to this population According people In addition the law mandate remains questionable Although thedisabled are often and evaluating the national system of treatment foralcohol problems Diesenhaus pp Inaddition a recent publication by the National Institute on the multidisabled and women Despitesuch consideration though associated with the provision of addiction services tothe training Yet another more complex possibilityfor such addiction someresearchers believe that problem drinking in special population individual Saxe and colleages cited in NAS pp individuals being treated and those treatment services Unfortunately though themental health service needs of of the programs that are inexistence merely use sign language thehearing-impaired Whitehouse et al pp Isaacs et al outsiders Hence this subculture may maintainbehaviors which are distinct suppress these individuals' awareness of drinkingproblems they programs The possibility of alcoholism among the don't want to spend the next hundred yearstrying deaf adults comes from personal contact and modem which thusenables deaf persons to communicate hearing-impaired For instance there are patients that are able to receive treatment Oneprogram only compounded for hearing-impairedwomen Even among a female maleproportion of admissions of El-Guebaly pp Reasonsgiven for treatment facilities Considering the mores access to government-mandated alcohol rehabilitativeservices and access to aftercarefacilities Such needs might be best Journal of Psychiatry Revue Canadienne de Psychiatrie Gearhart October The career status of misuse A review The International Journal ofthe Addictions National Academy P C October Acquisition andgeneralization May The treatment of 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