PRISON PRIVATIZATION.   Term Paper ID:22175 Click to get this paper

Essay Subject: Pros & cons, economic & human aspects, background, reasons for, prisoner rights, corporate issues, public safety.... More...

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Paper Abstract: Pros & cons, economic & human aspects, background, reasons for, prisoner rights, corporate issues, public safety. Paper Introduction: The purpose of this research is to examine the issues surrounding prison privatization in the modern period. The plan of the research will be to set forth the context in which the practice of running prisons for profit has arisen from the 1980s to the current period and then to discuss such related matters as corporate takeovers of prison systems and key implications of the sharing of public- and private-sector jurisdiction over incarceration of criminals. The modern American penal system took shape because of reformist efforts of Philadelphia Quakers: "Before there were prisons, serious crimes were almost always redressed by corporal or capital punishment. . . . Jails existed, but primarily for pretrial detention. The closest thing to the modern prison was the workhouse a place of hard labor almost exclusively for minor Text of the Paper: The entire text of the paper is shown below. However, the text is somewhat scrambled. We want to give you as much information as we possibly can about our papers and essays, but we cannot give them away for free. In the text below you will find that while disordered, many of the phrases are essentially intact. From this text you will be able to get a solid sense of the writing style, the concepts addressed, and the sources used in the research paper. prisons forprofit has arisen from the s to criminals The modern American penal system took shape because The closest thing to themodern prison was the workhouse a commonly understood today and became the modelfor common and ill-maintained living spaces on the other found their way into the penal Walnut Street Prison had beentransformed the effect of altering the Americancriminal justice system has failed to lessen the incidence of firms could be used for nonemergency policefunctions that prison when inmate labor was often leased labor by the mid s Pray p racial and economic discriminationin the ways Meanwhile Dallos reports that prison-industry insiders seesprivatization of prison of prison-management privatization Ring and Brakel cite cost by and large private-sector contracting services havehistorically been peripheral For public hands Ring p A Writing in Brakel notes that that private-sector management practices are more cost-efficient than is the only significant obstacle toimplementation of government entities Munk pp says that the California Prison cites figures showing that between and spending by state regarding where ultimateresponsibility for prisoner public security and personal into any management contract However Lelyveld cites were denied due process because in part becauseof the management's to as aprison-management industry owing chiefly to the need of have served as the basis for s some corporate proposals for privately fundedconstruction and management as juveniledetention centers in Pennsylvania and Florida has been partly as a featureof demand and says that prisonadministration costs more than billion a year prison-management industry which increased dramatically in reference to management companies bothprivately based inMelville New York is a NASDAQ-traded traded on theNASDAQ and reported million in sales of prison annual sales NCM'sannual sales are reportedly million as millionannually was founded in as a security guard service emergency public services such as variety of sources The principal public-policy aspect of the debate of inmates on theother McDonald says that the key issues and prospective contractors and enforcement ofimpartial procurement-bid procedures on the proper conclusions to be drawn regarding prison For example Walzer questioned with suspicion the moral arguments bemoaning aDickensesque picture of institutions in capacity or service levels As to and Naturalization Service in Pennsylvaniagoes to issues of management of prisons isunclear As events have unfolded since the Theview is that the electorate simply will not support performance data and issues of accountability andcost savings were parallels that of the UnitedStates staff at privately managedfacilities in Australia as Labour Party'sintention to make prison privatization onlyfrom the standpoint of the integrity of the services as hospital care nutrition and diet had a good deal ofdiscretion Arizona apparently caused in part by thatthe administrators agree that the are less unanimous in the publicbenefit of with issues of public policy far F In the prison industry's bright future it seems the prison business as abusiness the vicissitudes of prison life appear b March Labour vows to halt prisonsprivatisation Financial Times p M December Do private prisons work ChristianScience p A Gottfredson S D McConville S Eds profile March On-line AvailableInternet USC Gopher Kinkade P T Journal Lelyveld M September Immigration and NaturalizationService starts deporting Romanian the United States the UnitedKingdom and Australia British Journal of Putting a lock on prison costs American Heritage Ramirez A August Privatizing America's prisons trial WallStreet Journal p Robinson M Wilson S Winter Privatization Making crime pay Fortune Shichor Prison privatization proves a profitable toolfor locking up prisoners The plan of the research will beto set forth the prison systems and keyimplications of the sharing of corporal or capital punishment Jailsexisted Philadelphia's Walnut Street Prison established in was deteriorated between and Solitaryconfinement on one nutritional disciplinary and hygienic well-being From the s to official policies ofphysical abuse of inmates However public dismay over thepolitics of law-and-order issues including a generalized preoccupationwith prison populationover the same period increased Reynolds argues a connection between penalefficiency and a return to the th-century form unavoidably invited graft and corruption criminals has been confirmed by ofpenal administration which has come more strongly to the Constraints on public-sector budgets particularly at local governmentlevels are corrections facilities and services to stafftraining vocational training and counseling Actual management of prisonsfor cites a number of major to percent of capital investment by others Seligman p says that programs for which it has guaranteedmarkets and for which it potential for theentrenchment of monopolistic private who callsthe record of privately managed prisons good stowaways held and thendeported by the United private company More recently a riot by Kingdom Australia and the United McDonald makes the point thatmanagement practices presumed to have been confirmedby the corporate history of a variety of of America in Tennessee in economic planning and prison administration in the current period mid s and is expected to increase the cost-related benefits of public-private partnerships in thematter of context ofprison privatization noting that private management of Some are stand-alone headquarters companies while others Schuman pp Nashville Tennessee-basedCorrections Corp is a privately held subsidiary of RMS traded Wackenhut Corp basedin the same city andgrosses million Another subsidiary founded in is WackenhutServices Inc in of million IAC Controversy surrounds the privatization can provide sufficient security for publicsafety on one hand include the need toprotect prisoners' rights ensuring of privatized prison management However sources was largely framed interms of threats of prisoners was framed in termsof privatizedcorrectional services could respond more constitutional standards astheir public counterparts p due process are to be construed At this writing ofpublic services including prison management is essential because public-service resources key alternative to prisonfacilities maintenance rewards are associated with privatization In passim Hard cell pp Moyle p cites ofsuitable living and working conditions acautionary tale is that the management and organizational structure ofprivatized contracts in Massachusetts noting thedifficulty of enforcing public-sector servicesover to private-sector management The principal difficulty inMassachusetts appears of such discretion is also separate articles Kinkade and Leone a b discuss asurvey issue of public-policybenefits While as a group such administrators in the prisonindustry does not by itself puts it despite a checkered past thefuture is looking brighter near term Aslong as the principal prison-culture terms References Adonis A a February Tumim's criticisms unlikely Dallos R E June Privatization gets a New York Times A Ferguson T W June Public safety Hard cell November Economist IAC company profile Leone M C a Winter-Spring Issues Annual Public imprisonment by private means The Center BritishJournal of Criminology pp Munk N August Captive labor July August How did our of Social Political and Economic Studies Ring C Forbes Sechrest D K Shichor D September Corrections goespublic and Register On-line AvailableCompuServe Knowledge Index Thomas C W thejustice New Republic The purpose of this research is to the current period and then of reformistefforts of Philadelphia Quakers Before there were prisons place of hard labor almost prisons throughout the country and around produced squalid overcrowdedconditions Accordingly reformist efforts system and dominated penalphilosophy The s and s saw into a get-tough backlash in the s Pray veryfoundation of prison-system debate Platt takes the crime arguesthat privatized contracting of prison-related labor could be diverted to the private sector andthat to privatecontractors Its low price meant a valuable competitive advantage The steady increase in the prison disposition of criminal cases by the management as a cost-saving strategy of publicadministration at local state controls as a significant positivereason for contracting out larger example the most frequentlycontracted services are medical and mental many smaller decentralized jailfacilities have their public-sector counterparts Similarly Thomas p says privatization cost-efficient practices in states where Authority loses more money thanits private-sector prison administrative bodies has exceeded the rate ofinflation liability claimsmight lie That argument a case brought by the American CivilLiberties theprison was managed not by the United States or the private-sector status Dunn p A McDonald p reviews the emergence governments tosave money make prisons function more efficiently and transferring a whole range ofpublic services to of maximum-security prisons went down todefeat one in Pennsylvania turned over toprivate concerns Brakel p Nadel capacity He notes that the number of prisoners held inAmerican This view argues thatthe anticipated strain on the s and persists into the s Shichor p held and publicly traded that have been formed for the stand-alone company founded in with annual and detentionfacilities construction and management support services Standard Poor's National of March IAC Wackenhut Corrections Corp of Coral Gables and food-serviceprovider to jails and firefighting armored cartransport and security-guard services turns on whether economic benefits of privatelyadministered prisons involved in transferringprison management from This summary is consistent with otheranalyses privatization Inthe mid s when a number of private corrections-management and ethical integrity of a which criminals are locked up andthen forgotten the issue of inmate abuse Ring's view is that private constitutional guarantees mandated by government mid s the tone and emphasis the amplification ofpublicly i e tax funded prison just emerging As of the mid s some data corporate labor disputes have the potential to conflict a source of corporate-culture tension Adonis a p gives a political issue Shichor's view passim which is relevant corporate cultures butalso from the legal and ethical and housing and suggesting that in determining what constituted adequate nutrition recreation and health poor staff training and excessive cost principal benefit of privatized prisonsis economic such involvement Nearly percent say that private-sectormanagement would lead to more anaspect of business opportunity and profit potential than the fate of the fateof the prisoners far more likely to bediscussed in terms Brakel S J March Give private Monitor Dunn A June Company chairman says length America'scorrectional crisis prison populations and public Leone M C a December Privatization ofprisons The stowaways Journal of Commerce andCommercial A Criminology Moyle P Winter Private prison City County Platt A M Fall Politics of law slowly New York Times F Reynolds M O inMassachusetts getting results Government Union D September Corporate context of private prisons Crime Law American City County Walzer M April At McPrison context in which the practice of running public and private-sector jurisdiction overincarceration of but primarily for pretrial detention America'sfirst prison as the term is hand and confinement of all prisoners in the s rehabilitation probation and paroleprograms brutality towardprisoners which had spurred creation of the the criminal justice system have had Reynolds pp et passim declaring that the privatization of traditionally public services suggestingthat private security of private participation inprison administration Somestates began to restrict the use of inmate other sources Vath Additionally charges of fore over thesame period has become politicized in various cited as a major factor prison-management companies Ring observes that the most part remains in correctional facilities under privatemanagement arguing costs and up to percent inoperating costs enabling legislation private prison managers could buildand staff prisons less expensively than pays below minimum wage Along the same lines Lemov p prison-facilities managementcontractors and raises the specter of uncertainty and who says that prisoner-rights and liability issues are embedded States Immigration Naturalization Service inSnyder County Prison Pennsylvania illegalimmigrants at a New York jail managed privately made news States of what he refers be more efficient in the private than thepublic sector private-sector organizationsengaging in prison management In the mid Butmanagement of relatively high-security facilities such partly as a feature of public-sector cost cutting and as time goes on and he corrections management Undoubtedly the size of the American hitherto publicpenal institutions has emerged with are subsidiaries of parentcompanies For example Esmor Correctional Services Inc of America started in is publicly Technology an engineering software developer with million in The parent company reportedly grossing Las Vegas Nevada which is a federal and municipalcontractor of of prison management that hasoccurred in recent years from a and fair and equitable treatment an adequately competitive playing fieldbetween well-established disagree on the proper emphases of analysis as wellas to the civil rights of inmates economics Meanwhile Ring p rejected easily than their publiccounterparts to the changing needs of prison The American Civil Liberties Union'ssuit against the Immigration the direction andscope of civil-liberties cases involving private are so strained that public safety is threatened is early release of convicted criminals In the mid s theUnited Kingdom where prison privatization the weak collectivebargaining and policy-making position of support in the privately administeredBritish prison Blakenhurst while noting the British punishment institutions should be closely scrutinized not appropriate standards and practices in regard tosuch peripheral to have been that private managers implied inDavidson's report of prison riots at facilities in Eloy of more than American prison administrators they report favor private-companyinvolvement in prison management they guarantee industry success But the currenttrend is toward privatization for the private prison industry Ramirez p focus of discussion is the to delayprison privatisation Financial Times p Adonis A new chance withcash-short governments Los Angeles Times p D Davidson poses danger totaxpayers Wall Street Journal March On-line Available Internet USC Gopher IAC company andanswers prison administrators' responses to controversies surroundingprivatization Prison emergence of private prisons and jails in captive markets Forbes Nadel B Jan prisons get that way American R May Private prisons need a fair private in California Federal Probation Seligman D June November Containing prison costs throughprivatization CQ Researcher Vath S March examine the issues surroundingprison privatization in the modern period to discusssuch related matters as corporate takeovers of serious crimeswere almost always redressed by exclusivelyfor minor offenders derelicts and vagrants Pray p the world Pray explains thatconditions at Walnut became directed at improvementof standards and practices affecting prisoners' reformist efforts to improveovercrowding curb inmate violence and prevent p Platt contends that in the s attitudes toward position that althoughthe overall crime rate declined from to the services can effect such anoutcome In particular prison construction contracts could be entirely privatized This idearepresents and theawarding of contracts for it population together with publicdemands for incarceration of traditional prisonestablishment have increased Platt pp Thus the issue and federal levels p D as well as smaller federal state andlocal health community treatmentcenters construction education drug treatment college programs been managed by private-sector firms since the early s He of corrections facilities management could saveup privatization offacilities management has not occurred This view is echoed counterparts owing to so-called hidden costs ofadministration on convict-labor As a side issue Lemov cautions against the is rejected by Brakel p A Union which argued that Romanian state of Pennsylvaniabut by Sea-Land a in the s in theUnited ease the problemsof overcrowded prisons More generally private firms That point appears to by Buckingham Security Co in andanother by Corrections Corp p suggests that privatization is a critical featureof jails and prisons reached approximately one million in the budgets essentially obliges local governments toconsider reviews what he calls the corporate expresspurpose of engaging in the enterprise of penal management revenues of million from its eight private detentionfacilities Corrections Management a facilities management firm basedin Wellington Florida Florida is a privately heldcorrections-management subsidiary of publicly prisons the subsidiary was founded in the s In July it reported an annualgross revenue figure either can or should outweigh issues of whetherprivate management contractors the public to the private sector that identify key policy issues corporationswere formed the debate over prison privatization criminaljustice system in which the legal status as overwrought As well according to Ring prisonoperators will be held accountable to the same butincreasingly administered by private institutions and how the protectionsof ofthe debate has changed By Ferguson would argue that privatization construction improvements ormanagement even though absent privatization one suggestthat risks as well as with publicfunding of prison budgets Shichor pp et an account of a scandal over lax enforcement ultimately in the nature of points of view Robinson and Wilson analyze corrections-related service there is some risk in turning care for inmates The risk cuttingon the part of prison management In two but that opinion is divided on the public-sector innovation while nearly percentdisagree This suggests that private-sector involvement other wayaround As the New York Times themselves to be overlooked at least in the of corporate culture profit-and-loss statements andbottom lines than in traditional firms a greater role Wall Street Journal p A of stayscaused revolt at immigration jail policy Westport Conn Greenwood Press wardens' views Federal Probation Kinkade P T Lemov P May Jailhouse Inc Governing McDonald D C research in Queensland Australia a case-study of Borallon Correctional and order Social Justice Pray R T Summer Using the private sector to detercrime Journal Review Schuman M January A surefire growth business and Social Change Standard Poor's Corporate and Burglar King it's hold prisons forprofit has arisen from the s to criminals The modern American penal system took shape because The closest thing to themodern prison was the workhouse a commonly understood today and became the modelfor common and ill-maintained living spaces on the other found their way into the penal Walnut Street Prison had beentransformed the effect of altering the Americancriminal justice system has failed to lessen the incidence of firms could be used for nonemergency policefunctions that prison when inmate labor was often leased labor by the mid s Pray p racial and economic discriminationin the ways Meanwhile Dallos reports that prison-industry insiders seesprivatization of prison of prison-management privatization Ring and Brakel cite cost by and large private-sector contracting services havehistorically been peripheral For public hands Ring p A Writing in Brakel notes that that private-sector management practices are more cost-efficient than is the only significant obstacle toimplementation of government entities Munk pp says that the California Prison cites figures showing that between and spending by state regarding where ultimateresponsibility for prisoner public security and personal into any management contract However Lelyveld cites were denied due process because in part becauseof the management's to as aprison-management industry owing chiefly to the need of have served as the basis for s some corporate proposals for privately fundedconstruction and management as juveniledetention centers in Pennsylvania and Florida has been partly as a featureof demand and says that prisonadministration costs more than billion a year prison-management industry which increased dramatically in reference to management companies bothprivately based inMelville New York is a NASDAQ-traded traded on theNASDAQ and reported million in sales of prison annual sales NCM'sannual sales are reportedly million as millionannually was founded in as a security guard service emergency public services such as variety of sources The principal public-policy aspect of the debate of inmates on theother McDonald says that the key issues and prospective contractors and enforcement ofimpartial procurement-bid procedures on the proper conclusions to be drawn regarding prison For example Walzer questioned with suspicion the moral arguments bemoaning aDickensesque picture of institutions in capacity or service levels As to and Naturalization Service in Pennsylvaniagoes to issues of management of prisons isunclear As events have unfolded since the Theview is that the electorate simply will not support performance data and issues of accountability andcost savings were parallels that of the UnitedStates staff at privately managedfacilities in Australia as Labour Party'sintention to make prison privatization onlyfrom the standpoint of the integrity of the services as hospital care nutrition and diet had a good deal ofdiscretion Arizona apparently caused in part by thatthe administrators agree that the are less unanimous in the publicbenefit of with issues of public policy far F In the prison industry's bright future it seems the prison business as abusiness the vicissitudes of prison life appear b March Labour vows to halt prisonsprivatisation Financial Times p M December Do private prisons work ChristianScience p A Gottfredson S D McConville S Eds profile March On-line AvailableInternet USC Gopher Kinkade P T Journal Lelyveld M September Immigration and NaturalizationService starts deporting Romanian the United States the UnitedKingdom and Australia British Journal of Putting a lock on prison costs American Heritage Ramirez A August Privatizing America's prisons trial WallStreet Journal p Robinson M Wilson S Winter Privatization Making crime pay Fortune Shichor Prison privatization proves a profitable toolfor locking up prisoners The plan of the research will beto set forth the prison systems and keyimplications of the sharing of corporal or capital punishment Jailsexisted Philadelphia's Walnut Street Prison established in was deteriorated between and Solitaryconfinement on one nutritional disciplinary and hygienic well-being From the s to official policies ofphysical abuse of inmates However public dismay over thepolitics of law-and-order issues including a generalized preoccupationwith prison populationover the same period increased Reynolds argues a connection between penalefficiency and a return to the th-century form unavoidably invited graft and corruption criminals has been confirmed by ofpenal administration which has come more strongly to the Constraints on public-sector budgets particularly at local governmentlevels are corrections facilities and services to stafftraining vocational training and counseling Actual management of prisonsfor cites a number of major to percent of capital investment by others Seligman p says that programs for which it has guaranteedmarkets and for which it potential for theentrenchment of monopolistic private who callsthe record of privately managed prisons good stowaways held and thendeported by the United private company More recently a riot by Kingdom Australia and the United McDonald makes the point thatmanagement practices presumed to have been confirmedby the corporate history of a variety of of America in Tennessee in economic planning and prison administration in the current period mid s and is expected to increase the cost-related benefits of public-private partnerships in thematter of context ofprison privatization noting that private management of Some are stand-alone headquarters companies while others Schuman pp Nashville Tennessee-basedCorrections Corp is a privately held subsidiary of RMS traded Wackenhut Corp basedin the same city andgrosses million Another subsidiary founded in is WackenhutServices Inc in of million IAC Controversy surrounds the privatization can provide sufficient security for publicsafety on one hand include the need toprotect prisoners' rights ensuring of privatized prison management However sources was largely framed interms of threats of prisoners was framed in termsof privatizedcorrectional services could respond more constitutional standards astheir public counterparts p due process are to be construed At this writing ofpublic services including prison management is essential because public-service resources key alternative to prisonfacilities maintenance rewards are associated with privatization In passim Hard cell pp Moyle p cites ofsuitable living and working conditions acautionary tale is that the management and organizational structure ofprivatized contracts in Massachusetts noting thedifficulty of enforcing public-sector servicesover to private-sector management The principal difficulty inMassachusetts appears of such discretion is also separate articles Kinkade and Leone a b discuss asurvey issue of public-policybenefits While as a group such administrators in the prisonindustry does not by itself puts it despite a checkered past thefuture is looking brighter near term Aslong as the principal prison-culture terms References Adonis A a February Tumim's criticisms unlikely Dallos R E June Privatization gets a New York Times A Ferguson T W June Public safety Hard cell November Economist IAC company profile Leone M C a Winter-Spring Issues Annual Public imprisonment by private means The Center BritishJournal of Criminology pp Munk N August Captive labor July August How did our of Social Political and Economic Studies Ring C Forbes Sechrest D K Shichor D September Corrections goespublic and Register On-line AvailableCompuServe Knowledge Index Thomas C W thejustice New Republic If 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