BISMARCK, OTTO VON.   Term Paper ID:21295 Click to get this paper

Essay Subject: Historical background, life & career of 19th Cent. German leader. Nationalism, domestic & foreign policy, diplomacy.... More...

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Paper Abstract: Historical background, life & career of 19th Cent. German leader. Nationalism, domestic & foreign policy, diplomacy. Paper Introduction: The career of Otto von Bismarck (b.1815, d.1898) - nobleman, count, prince - chancellor, diplomat, self-identified non-statesman - followed a path of such contradictory influences that it is possible to view his actions as both conservative and progressive at the same time. The standard historical judgement is to adopt a perspective of moral superiority in regard to Bismarck's accomplishments. An understandable position: within the Germany he was so instrumental in forging festered the psychology of aggression that led to two World Wars. Yet Bismarck himself warned against such dangers - "Twenty years after my death the great crash will come if things go on as they are going" - his was not a personal philosophy that allowed self-destructive tendencies to grow. Rather, in pursuing a course of "Realpolitik" as opposed to blind ideology, Otto von Text of the Paper: The entire text of the paper is shown below. However, the text is somewhat scrambled. We want to give you as much information as we possibly can about our papers and essays, but we cannot give them away for free. In the text below you will find that while disordered, many of the phrases are essentially intact. From this text you will be able to get a solid sense of the writing style, the concepts addressed, and the sources used in the research paper. and progressive at the same time Thestandard historical of aggression that led to two World Wars Yet Bismarckhimself in pursuing a course of The prevailing wave of European nationalist sentiment was had long since consolidated their regionalinterests theinstigators Napoleon takes first credit process The lesson was clear if an even more subtle more lasting influence governing organs of effective republican administration participatefirst-hand in non-monarchical government and it reforms It was difficult for the noble of Austrian diplomat Prince Klemens Furstvon Metternich first articulated themselves The renowned Peace of Metternich grounded space in which to consolidate their positions It also the English economy in the late of Germany was not the inGermany Farmers were not serfs bound to the land Subsequent Napoleonic reforms cited earlier altered radical reforms the German farmerwas much more through to can be better defined Junkers'genetic claim to hereditary political right the and predominance Born in Brandenburgh on April the of the Prussian aristocratic bureaucracy as a leader of those Prussian aristocratswho in the s responded to was a prevailingattitude The changes wrought by an evolving Teutonic Confederation inFrankfurt Bismarck increasingly saw his views in regards to the social issues of the day a politician rather fully aware of the appointed-by-the-Prussian-ruler nature v For Otto von Bismarck the problem of nationalism too weak to create a Germanic identity vi Indeed the Bismarck analyzed the situation was lifework to giving Germans Berlinto look to as I Frederick III for a brief term Wilhelm II Ihave swayed by what Bismarck perceived as the royalperspective Kings create a positive constructive national identity by weaning the to have first Austria the Seven Weeks lengthystatesmanship and negotiation may well have failed to created this new entity of psychologically by the now-fallen Berlin Wall twenty-fivestates of which it was composed The states though no political environment while the state of and general principles of law the Reich was in possession of a dominant bloc of of personality to position although theseveral kaisers had suspicions of more treasonous designs xi the Iron Chancellor wrote nevertheless notforced However very real effort Bismarck's vision of developmenttriumphed In this endeavor the own IndustrialRevolution ideology as the Prussian now imperial chancellor was upon apractical consideration of the implications of the on-going in Germany Those new voices points of their philosophy that the universal suffrage which they Karl Marx xiii The proletariat spawned by theIndustrial Revolution's andvoracious reader was aware of that inevitable ofconsolidating federal unity over the next twenty years he young and shakyorder To grant could see clearly that theliberals had not ofLouis Napoleon Bonaparte and against of th centuryliberal philosophy was laid bare Which is not Granted Bismarck came to power on the strength of what he consideredthe royal prerogatives He was not always on the mark in his policy-making one counterto the direction of national identity he of controversial decrees in includingassertions of a challenge to nationalsovereignty inspiring adverse reaction from Bismarck's response to Pius IX's challenge wasto spearhead that the emerging German national albeitbelatedly Bismarck took the opportunity of the election European affairs The German federal nationhad been after Prussian stateachieved Bismarck felt that Germany was territorially satiated and of imperial Russia met Prussia'seastern border in Poland and contact with England but alwaysremembered the acombination of imperial alliance-making and the was to be trois to be allied their habit of changinggovernments every few elections and by Fearinga Franco-Russian alliance squeezing Germany agreement that read along the diplomatic efforts over thenext two decades as it xviii It was not an opinion border with Russia and overMiddle Europewas the prize here where long-established spheres of cultural influencehad the BlackSea and the Dardanelles Strait for Russia access to and general disarray the Russianforces were still superior to Austro-Hungarian forcesmobilized along the souther provinces bordering the new threat to Bismarck's vision of the environmentnecessary for evolution the Eastern Question is so slight as kick in on a third front as theythreatened to do the British factor dissuaded himfrom advocating such brinkmanship xxi he declared hewould act as an honest broker flames of World War I the failure we witness daily in theYugoslav regions Serbia Croatia Macedonia Boznia of Berlin thatwas to emerge after only one month and made it known that there the German Chancellor radiated that take over Cyprus as part of the subsequentTreaty nation likesprogress His idea of weak hold over the region whereupon the nominally-independent Lesser Bulgaria Austria withtemporal diplomatic solutions Although he declared his position as success with the Viennese representatives tothe Congress were decided to throwin Germany's lot with a up through World War I During his career Bismarck a fact of lifefor the realpolitik-ian inasmuch as new economic reality the non-Junker industrialists and middleclass consciously aware of the trends of history Still Otto vonBismarck's actions were always responses to rather than Inc Henderson W O The Rise of German Industrial Power Simon Walter M Germany in the Age of Nostrand Company Inc Taylor Alan J P Bismarck The Man Louis L Snyder Otto von Bismarck The New York G P Putnam's Sons Snyder ibid ibid ibid followeda path of such contradictory influences that it is possible accomplishments An understandableposition within the Germany he go on as they are going ii his was nota of hisera trends that he was ultimately unable career or counter-purpose as will be demonstrated Nationalism years just prior toBismarck's birth Napoleon Bonaparte armies overwhelmed the regional monarchies ofEurope successfully stronger entity was necessary Along with military long-lasting influence of Greek civilization introduced by aforeign occupier the conquered peoples of the Napoleonic to push out the French invaders local To their credit manydid not government administration while retaining tolesser or greater degrees depending for over three decades until the revolutionary the form ofthe Industrial Revolution The s Even at that late date it can even that descriptionis misleading by Reformation twocenturies before had broken the power of withthe commodities produced by their those risingsocial reform movements calling for universal suffrage iv In economic makeover of Germansociety To this backdrop of nationalism and Industrial Revolutionthat Otto upper bourgeoisie Originallydirected towards a study of his family'sestates than after a conversion to and following Bismarck's world view was shaped by those forces his favoring the continued leadership of Austriain German affairs finding a constructive realpolitik-al solution overwhelms the sense of simple straightforwardpracticality inherent to his actions it is reasonable and justifiable I amthankful for In his evolving view theHabsburg-ruled its farflung and various ethnicpeoples clamoring for national recognition to rally around No doubt aided by the fact was not particularly aided by the monarchs by no means kingly viii men whose distrust was advantageous forthe kaiser and for the nation-states of was not particular about means recognizingwell enough that external threat was quickly won by Prussia through well-planned military the leadership of Prussia It was the North German in taking theemperor with it The political cultural unity German imperium created a federal state its power and functions socialist German could if so inclined reside in autonomy of the Germanstates in regard king of Prussia wasdesignated hereditary emperor or kaiser of the power through his chancellor Bismarck was authority indeed given thepoisonous assertions of Bismarck's in-court goalwas the kaiser The German's love of the Fatherland has s-through into a national identity with Berlinat its ofGermany Bismarck was faced with very strong resistance from within therepresentatives of republican nationalism the liberals German liberals were as the foundation of their liberal advocates The IndustrialRevolution was creating share in policy decision-making Middle-class German liberals of the s the proletariat Inthis they failed to heed the the capitalist owner classes whether of the of Although as a practical Reich Bismarck still saw them as more divisive internal power struggle example to strengthen hisconvictions the uprising of directedPrussia's armies to support the French bourgeoisie the liberals his own pragmaticapproach to On this issue he was tactically merciless Bismarck refused to dismiss republican reforms that strengthened the same political influence it exerted reason to be so alarmed Pope in the Church xv This throwback to an up until the election of wasprecisely in the interests of German national identity the German liberal factions not against theCatholics but against harsh stance in the early s As can be seen combination ofinternational diplomacy and military power plays By come without a price a hostile France ran Central European states He thanked God for the seas waves Faced with direct potential threats from toworry about As Bismarck once explained to for British friendship but despite kaiser thatBismarck's gains for Germany had offended II and Austrian Emperor Franz consult together as to the policy to be followed Every war including a victorious war is Middle Eastern waterways where the decaying OttomanEmpire still held Ottomansput Russia and the Austro-Hungarian littlemore Access to key waterways was their imperialistic ambitions To that end in Russia attacked was also theirs to the alarm of the British fleet the situation was perilously close to erupting into country capable of He wascertainly not sentimental over if Germany's nominal allies took to fighting victories overFrance and Austria did consider advising Austria months after San Stefano ameeting of diplomats effort is evidenced by the factthat war was forestalled solution was ultimately a failure though is alsoevidenced by considerationof the indigenous population in created almost wholly by the personal momentum be nodiplomatic impasse allowed Personal politics was the key the agingDisraeli was a bemused supporter Cyprus he said You have done awise thing andmore than a little past his peak Lesser Bulgaria roughly contemporary Bulgaria and their homelands is the resulting heritage of the Treaty'sinsistence in favor of theAustro-Hungarian court Dual Alliance agreement betweenthe German throughout the s this German-Austrian alliance was to nuances to the benefit of the German state herepresented Prussia he was building ImperialChancellor Prince Otto von Bismarck saw might have permitted had hebeen an ideologue behind An architect of amodern nation-state Modern German History From the Reformation University Press Richter Werner Bismarck New Pantheon Books Snyder Louis L Otto von Bismarck Germany in the Age of thePresent Day New York E P Dutton Co Inc Pantheon Books ibid Snyder Flenley Richter Snyder Richter The career of Otto von Bismarck b d nobleman count judgement is to adopt a perspective warned against such dangers Twenty years Realpolitik as opposed to blind ideology Otto von Bismarck set thegreatest factor at work in into centralized national power focus in the turbulent thcentury by the simple magnitude of his actions sweeping across the first purpose of agovernment was protection and if regional republicanism Just asAlexander the Great's short-lived sweep sprung from the French Revolution Although proved effective Evenwhile national sentiment inspired by classresuming its position of leadership the Junkers in the at the Congress of Vienna theyembarked in the barrage of treaties and liaisons the Viennese statesmanpieced allowed the non-Junker German liberals to define theirstatus In s was not to affect the primarily windfall event as it hadbeen in England Urban pockets of nor were they tithingto Church and lord Taxes irreparably the farmer-nobility relationship toland duty likely to ally himself at least in his not composed of everyman but instead representing the liberals were increasinglyto share the same top-looking-down very year of Metternich'sgreatest diplomatic triumph Bismarck was the young man hisdistaste for both led demands for social egalitarianism withcalls for suppression of revolt IndustrialRevolution were the current of history evolve in adifferent vision of and on the international i e European scene of his position he was always a manager in the post era was very composition of the Viennese to finda successor to Vienna a new center of the center of national identity It is the destiny of seen three kings naked and have a peculiar sense of what Germanic states from adependence upon the descending War thenFrance the Franco-Prussian War declare war upon the do the non-Austrian-dominated German states saw their borders and German empire This empire was to and its East German West German barbed-wired division ofthe longer sovereignnor free to secede preserved their own constitutions Prussiafollowed a rigid Junker-dominated political path was in control andthe Reich was controlled by votes in theFederal Council and the Reichstag he served complained often enough of Bismarck's on thechancellor's part Bismarck's personal agenda was always aimed atbettering ever the political pragmatist It was a natural inclination of strains in the fabric of federal unity showedalmost at conservative I am first and foremost shackledin his own opposition to their political IndustrialRevolution In this aspect he was perhaps drifted toward the liberal end of the espoused should in fact lead need for an expanded manpower base would bynecessity conclusion when heoriginally emerged as such was to temperhis extreme stance universal suffrage would be to taken the logic of their rhetoric the bourgeoisie Letting theliberals of Germany know to say that Bismarck totally rejected his facing down the lower houseof the Prussian of national polity Still recognizing Bismarck cannotbe credited with an omniscient response to all needed to foster in the southernGerman states recently brought papal infallibility and the requiring of absolute more than one government inthe European sphere a campaign pressing for repressive anti-Catholic legislation designated a identitycould easily handle the divisive pull of Catholic of a new popein Leo XIII to reach all an international consortium of principalities only neededpeace more than anything else To that end he the weakened Austro-Hungarian Empire thedeposed leader military lesson of the Napoleonic Wars fostering of Europeanstability among the five major with two that is thetrue Queen Victoria's suspicions of him she was seemingly between them as early as Bismarck arranged lines of should peace be threatened by the aggressive conduct he was to reassure the European diplomatic community Germany's territorial shared by others during this era ofimperialism British Eastern lands coveted by the been overwhelmed by Turkish conquest three centuries earlier there the Adriatic Sea forlandlocked Austria The fact the Ottoman's and aided by indigenousrevolt victory was theirs Russian conquests Despite a hastily-signed Russian of Germany into a strong European power peace wasnecessary for not to be worththe bones of a Pomeranian At one point immediately before the San Bismarck took it upon himself toconvene the xxii to mediate a long-term oflater diplomats to handle a crisis well cannot et al gives fullmeasure of indictment to of deliberation by the Congress ofBerlin The wouldbe only one month of discussion charm which only those possess who have complete provisions Wrote Disraeli in correspondence home He talks asMontaigne progress was evidently seizing something xxiv The Russian ambassador Gortschakov that admissionwas seized upon as excuse wasallowed to annex Boznia-Hercegovina The resulting hodgepodge of Slavic-oriented Serbs an honest broker at the contingent upon future planned association Within cultural relative and although he made half-hearted attempts saw that a growing wave of nationalistsentiment was sweeping industrial growth contributed to thestrength to a degree that in many ways was far more hiswas a limited achievement all accomplishment proposals for the new reality of Germany and Europe that Berkeley University of California Press Kent George O Bismarck London Allen Unwin Smith and the Statesman New York Random Blood and IronChancellor A Documentary-Biography Princeton D VanNostrand Company Flenley Snyder ibid David Smith Phil to view hisactions as both conservative was so instrumental in forging festeredthe psychology personal philosophy that allowed self-destructive tendencies to grow Rather to control beyond his ownlifetime was nothing newin Europe England and France and the French Revolution were demonstrating the weakness of the Austro-HungarianEmpire in the logic Napoleon's conquering forces brought withthem Napoleon'sFrenchmen set up in the occupied lands empire particularly Germans had the opportunity forced upon them to governments tended to retainthe foreign-inspired try Instead following the lead upon the principality the decisive polity-making powers to year of and allowed the Junkers abreathing Industrial Revolution came late to theGerman principalities what had rocked be observed the IndustrialRevolution in the states the mid s agriculture had been transformed religious establishment aspracticed by the Roman Catholic Church fields When the year rolledaround with its pan-European calls for this light the character of the liberal non-Junker politicalmovement from a certain extent then though not predisposed to the von Bismarck rose to power the law with the eventual goal of becoming amember the fundamentalist views of theLutheran pietists as an emerging of revolt Nationalism in both the constructive and destructive sense as Prussian minister to the German to the Germansituation both in domestically Bismarck was neither an idealogue nor even the sharpest criticism so long as it is factual Austro-Hungarian Empire which had heretofore dominatedTeutonic alliances was the detriment of the Empireas a whole The solution as that he representedthe Prussian court Bismarck devoted his he served FrederickWilhelm IV Wilhelm for theirtalented chancellor was only Germany Prussia's first task as Bismarck saw it was to constituted the quickest road to unity Bismarck conspired and diplomaticstratagems These victories accomplished by fait accompli what Confederation fully confirmed in April that it inspired continues tothis day interrupted physically but not divided between the Reich and the the southern Bavarian states and enjoy ademocratically-oriented to tariffs international relations militaryorganization German empire while thePrussian state itself thatchancellor It was an excellent fit enemies the kaisers mayfrequently have need of a princeon whom he can concentrate his attachment center an inclination cultivated by Bismarck but theentity he created Not without as much prisoners of their position Bismarck'sopposition to republican-dominated German government was based an increasingly vocal middle class were not particularlylogically attuned to the fine writings of one of Germany's more articulatefirebrands of middle or upper class Bismarck an avid expedient and in the name a threat to a very than Bismarckconsidered healthy Particularly when he the Paris Commune against the government in brutally retakingParis and erasing the Communards xiv The lameness politics would not allow so extreme a position havingno use for elected assemblies when they interfered with andimproved the efficiency of government administration in theAustro-Hungarian Empire Bismarck misread the situation to be Pius IX'sVatican Council issued a series assertion of theChurch's feudal position of authority was certainly John Kennedy to thepresidency in Throughout the s and a grossoverreaction Failing to see himself Still ever the pragmatist Bismarck's domestic policy as chancellor was alwaysheavily influenced by external the s with unity under the leadership of the along thesouthern border the rumbling giant atGermany's back separating her from direct threesides Bismarck's international policy from the mid s-on involved a Russian ambassador the all-important thing a warm association withBenjamin Disraeli was constantly put off-stride by at one time or another Josef It was a veryweak alliance based upon a nebulous xvii It set the pattern for Bismarck's subsequent always a misfortune for thecountry that wages nominal sway along a massive Empire at odds too Central the goal for both control of the Balkans Despite grossmismanagement an under-supplied army anchored atConstantinople the Ottoman capital and the a pan-European war xix This was an open the fate of Mitteleuropa The directinterest of Germany in one another particularly if the British decided to to attack the paper-thinRussian lines in Greater Bulgaria but from the European community where until when the assassination of AustrianArchduke Franz Ferdinand sparked the later developments The violent chaos his crafting of the Treaty of Bismarck who shaped theagenda of debate directed its course to his success One observer at the Congress noted that of Bismarck's efforts in return forinclusion of Britain's rights to This is progress It will be popular A He allowed Bismarck to cajole Russiainto admission of its the Yugoslav provinces Russia wasgiven hegemony over upon papering-over threats to the region's stability His correspondence protests otherwise but it wasno coincidence that Bismarck's kaiser and the Austrian emperor Bismarck had be the foreign policy trackpersisting The Industrial Revolution too was fit to work with those proponentsof the Bismarck was always in his domestic and internationalpolicy activities and a pan-European vision of diplomacy to the Present Day New York E P Dutton Co York G P Putnam's Sons The Blood and Iron Chancellor A Documentary-Biography Princeton D Van Bismarck London Allen Unwin v ibid Snyder Werner Richter Bismarck Snyder Richter ibid Princess Radziwill quoted in Richter prince chancellor diplomat self-identified non-statesman i of moralsuperiority in regard to Bismarck's after my death thegreat crash will come if things a course in opposition to the major trends influencing the purpose of Bismarck's It was fanned into renewed fire in the Europe employing universal conscription as an expressionof national pride Napoleon's government was too weak toeffect such defenses then a larger across Asia Minor carried alongwith it the the philosophy of liberal republicanism was opposition to Napoleon raised nativearmies German states toconvincingly argue against the facts of efficiency upon an ad-libbed policy of accommodation accepting non-Junker-appointed participation in together in the post era iii held this they were aided by the progress of history in agrarian Teutonic peoples until themid industrialization alternated withlarger untouched regions of rural agriculture But existed yes but the Protestant and property Indeed German farmers shared a near capitalist relationship own mind with theother commodity producers the industrialists than with more privileged owner elementsevolving from the Industrial Revolution's perspective on events It was against child of old Prussiannobility albeit his mother came from the him to turn to management first of In coming to power during the tumultuous years prior to Although initiated into powercircles in because of national interest He began to define his task interms of That he was a genius atdoing so sometimes I never ask myselfif a thing is popular only if the crucial one to be addressed imperium bespoke thedestructive tendency of nationalism Teutonic power for the Germanpeoples to theweak to be devoured by the strong vii He often enough the behavior of these exaltedgentlemen was is to theiradvantage ix Bismarck's actions on their behalves star of Austria and into an alliancedependent upon Prussia He loose-knitGerman Confederation and North German Confederation successively Eachwar power expanded dramaticallyin less than a decade under lastforty-eight years until it collapsed militarily Cold War era x The constitution of the new rulers parliamentary and administrative systems Thus a more to Bismarck's andhis king's personal liking Despite the internal Prussia This control was built-in to theBismarck-choreographed federal constitution the parliament Constitutionally thekaiser exercised his readinessto absorb and utilize their power and the condition of the German empire and central to that the German states to consolidatetheir gains of the once At his moment of greatest triumph the unification aroyalist xii and autocratic Bismarck was accommodated by philosophy Unlike the liberals though who had theory more aware of the socio-economicnuances of those implications than their political spectrumin demanding a larger toempowerment of yet another under-represented class gravitate to a position in opposition to a reactionary on the political scene during thecrises against liberal and socialist movements as chancellorof the open the newly-unifiedGerman states to a much to its inevitableconclusion In Chancellor Bismarck had a ready with whom his sympathies lay Bismarck the reforms ofdemocratic republicanism as espoused by legislature on the constitutional issue of financialcontrol of the military theunremitting growth of German industrialism and its economic consequences situations Foreseeing inthe Roman Catholic Church into Prussia's sphere of influence particularly Bavaria He had some submissionto papal authority ultramontanism as an indispensable condition ofmembership with echoes of the controversial ideology stilllingering in American politics Kulturkampf struggle between cultures The campaign theology Bismarck'spolicy ended up in uniting a rapprochement with the Vatican and ease backfrom his thedecade earlier unity was achieved only through his expert recognized that Germany'sachievement had not of the Teutonic peoples separated Germany from theturbulent that British navalmight controlled the powers he considered Italy too weak security against coalitions xvi To that end he was constantlyangling related to every European prince czar or the Three Emperors' League an agreement among KaiserWilhelm Czar Alexander of any power thethree rulers would interests were satisfied peace for all was best and and Russian interests were often in conflict overdominance of the English The decline of the nowappeared ample opportunity to regain those territories plus a that both empires were weak from within didnot stem Greater Bulgaria Bulgaria and the formerYugoslavia Turkish peace treaty at San Stefano March the economic progress he felt his musketeer xx Indirectly however Germany hada lot to lose Stefanotreaty the old mastermind behind Germany's short-and-sweet Congress of Berlin only three solution tothe Mitteleuropa crisis That Bismarck was successful in this be laid against Bismarck'scredit That his the German Chancellor's dismissal of Berlin Treaty July was a masterpiece of realpolitik on the subject and that there would confidence inthemselves xxiii Certainly Britain's Prime Minister writes When he heard about was also an aged diplomat to divide Greater Bulgaria into Germanic Croats and independent Macedonians and Albanianscut off from Congressof Berlin to Russian eyes Bismarck was clearly leaning ayear there was to be a strengthened at reviving the Three Emperors' League the German peoples he accepted that condition andutilized its many and stability of the German nation liberal than hisconservative royalist agrarian orientation soured by the legacy ofGerman autocratic expansionism his career left his century challenged him tocreate Endnotes BibliographyFlenley Ralph Bismarck and His Times Chicago Southern Illinois David Evans Phil Marx's KAPITAL For Beginners New York House Inc Walter M Simon Inc Ralph Flenley Modern German History from the Reformation to Evans Marx's KAPITAL For Beginners NewYork and progressive at the same time Thestandard historical of aggression that led to two World Wars Yet Bismarckhimself in pursuing a course of The prevailing wave of European nationalist sentiment was had long since consolidated their regionalinterests theinstigators Napoleon takes first credit process The lesson was clear if an even more subtle more lasting influence governing organs of effective republican administration participatefirst-hand in non-monarchical government and it reforms It was difficult for the noble of Austrian diplomat Prince Klemens Furstvon Metternich first articulated themselves The renowned Peace of Metternich grounded space in which to consolidate their positions It also the English economy in the late of Germany was not the inGermany Farmers were not serfs bound to the land Subsequent Napoleonic reforms cited earlier altered radical reforms the German farmerwas much more through to can be better defined Junkers'genetic claim to hereditary political right the and predominance Born in Brandenburgh on April the of the Prussian aristocratic bureaucracy as a leader of those Prussian aristocratswho in the s responded to was a prevailingattitude The changes wrought by an evolving Teutonic Confederation inFrankfurt Bismarck increasingly saw his views in regards to the social issues of the day a politician rather fully aware of the appointed-by-the-Prussian-ruler nature v For Otto von Bismarck the problem of nationalism too weak to create a Germanic identity vi Indeed the Bismarck analyzed the situation was lifework to giving Germans Berlinto look to as I Frederick III for a brief term Wilhelm II Ihave swayed by what Bismarck perceived as the royalperspective Kings create a positive constructive national identity by weaning the to have first Austria the Seven Weeks lengthystatesmanship and negotiation may well have failed to created this new entity of psychologically by the now-fallen Berlin Wall twenty-fivestates of which it was composed The states though no political environment while the state of and general principles of law the Reich was in possession of a dominant bloc of of personality to position although theseveral kaisers had suspicions of more treasonous designs xi the Iron Chancellor wrote nevertheless notforced However very real effort Bismarck's vision of developmenttriumphed In this endeavor the own IndustrialRevolution ideology as the Prussian now imperial chancellor was upon apractical consideration of the implications of the on-going in Germany Those new voices points of their philosophy that the universal suffrage which they Karl Marx xiii The proletariat spawned by theIndustrial Revolution's andvoracious reader was aware of that inevitable ofconsolidating federal unity over the next twenty years he young and shakyorder To grant could see clearly that theliberals had not ofLouis Napoleon Bonaparte and against of th centuryliberal philosophy was laid bare Which is not Granted Bismarck came to power on the strength of what he consideredthe royal prerogatives He was not always on the mark in his policy-making one counterto the direction of national identity he of controversial decrees in includingassertions of a challenge to nationalsovereignty inspiring adverse reaction from Bismarck's response to Pius IX's challenge wasto spearhead that the emerging German national albeitbelatedly Bismarck took the opportunity of the election European affairs The German federal nationhad been after Prussian stateachieved Bismarck felt that Germany was territorially satiated and of imperial Russia met Prussia'seastern border in Poland and contact with England but alwaysremembered the acombination of imperial alliance-making and the was to be trois to be allied their habit of changinggovernments every few elections and by Fearinga Franco-Russian alliance squeezing Germany agreement that read along the diplomatic efforts over thenext two decades as it xviii It was not an opinion border with Russia and overMiddle Europewas the prize here where long-established spheres of cultural influencehad the BlackSea and the Dardanelles Strait for Russia access to and general disarray the Russianforces were still superior to Austro-Hungarian forcesmobilized along the souther provinces bordering the new threat to Bismarck's vision of the environmentnecessary for evolution the Eastern Question is so slight as kick in on a third front as theythreatened to do the British factor dissuaded himfrom advocating such brinkmanship xxi he declared hewould act as an honest broker flames of World War I the failure we witness daily in theYugoslav regions Serbia Croatia Macedonia Boznia of Berlin thatwas to emerge after only one month and made it known that there the German Chancellor radiated that take over Cyprus as part of the subsequentTreaty nation likesprogress His idea of weak hold over the region whereupon the nominally-independent Lesser Bulgaria Austria withtemporal diplomatic solutions Although he declared his position as success with the Viennese representatives tothe Congress were decided to throwin Germany's lot with a up through World War I During his career Bismarck a fact of lifefor the realpolitik-ian inasmuch as new economic reality the non-Junker industrialists and middleclass consciously aware of the trends of history Still Otto vonBismarck's actions were always responses to rather than Inc Henderson W O The Rise of German Industrial Power Simon Walter M Germany in the Age of Nostrand Company Inc Taylor Alan J P Bismarck The Man Louis L Snyder Otto von Bismarck The New York G P Putnam's Sons Snyder ibid ibid ibid followeda path of such contradictory influences that it is possible accomplishments An understandableposition within the Germany he go on as they are going ii his was nota of hisera trends that he was ultimately unable career or counter-purpose as will be demonstrated Nationalism years just prior toBismarck's birth Napoleon Bonaparte armies overwhelmed the regional monarchies ofEurope successfully stronger entity was necessary Along with military long-lasting influence of Greek civilization introduced by aforeign occupier the conquered peoples of the Napoleonic to push out the French invaders local To their credit manydid not government administration while retaining tolesser or greater degrees depending for over three decades until the revolutionary the form ofthe Industrial Revolution The s Even at that late date it can even that descriptionis misleading by Reformation twocenturies before had broken the power of withthe commodities produced by their those risingsocial reform movements calling for universal suffrage iv In economic makeover of Germansociety To this backdrop of nationalism and Industrial Revolutionthat Otto upper bourgeoisie Originallydirected towards a study of his family'sestates than after a conversion to and following Bismarck's world view was shaped by those forces his favoring the continued leadership of Austriain German affairs finding a constructive realpolitik-al solution overwhelms the sense of simple straightforwardpracticality inherent to his actions it is reasonable and justifiable I amthankful for In his evolving view theHabsburg-ruled its farflung and various ethnicpeoples clamoring for national recognition to rally around No doubt aided by the fact was not particularly aided by the monarchs by no means kingly viii men whose distrust was advantageous forthe kaiser and for the nation-states of was not particular about means recognizingwell enough that external threat was quickly won by Prussia through well-planned military the leadership of Prussia It was the North German in taking theemperor with it The political cultural unity German imperium created a federal state its power and functions socialist German could if so inclined reside in autonomy of the Germanstates in regard king of Prussia wasdesignated hereditary emperor or kaiser of the power through his chancellor Bismarck was authority indeed given thepoisonous assertions of Bismarck's in-court goalwas the kaiser The German's love of the Fatherland has s-through into a national identity with Berlinat its ofGermany Bismarck was faced with very strong resistance from within therepresentatives of republican nationalism the liberals German liberals were as the foundation of their liberal advocates The IndustrialRevolution was creating share in policy decision-making Middle-class German liberals of the s the proletariat Inthis they failed to heed the the capitalist owner classes whether of the of Although as a practical Reich Bismarck still saw them as more divisive internal power struggle example to strengthen hisconvictions the uprising of directedPrussia's armies to support the French bourgeoisie the liberals his own pragmaticapproach to On this issue he was tactically merciless Bismarck refused to dismiss republican reforms that strengthened the same political influence it exerted reason to be so alarmed Pope in the Church xv This throwback to an up until the election of wasprecisely in the interests of German national identity the German liberal factions not against theCatholics but against harsh stance in the early s As can be seen combination ofinternational diplomacy and military power plays By come without a price a hostile France ran Central European states He thanked God for the seas waves Faced with direct potential threats from toworry about As Bismarck once explained to for British friendship but despite kaiser thatBismarck's gains for Germany had offended II and Austrian Emperor Franz consult together as to the policy to be followed Every war including a victorious war is Middle Eastern waterways where the decaying OttomanEmpire still held Ottomansput Russia and the Austro-Hungarian littlemore Access to key waterways was their imperialistic ambitions To that end in Russia attacked was also theirs to the alarm of the British fleet the situation was perilously close to erupting into country capable of He wascertainly not sentimental over if Germany's nominal allies took to fighting victories overFrance and Austria did consider advising Austria months after San Stefano ameeting of diplomats effort is evidenced by the factthat war was forestalled solution was ultimately a failure though is alsoevidenced by considerationof the indigenous population in created almost wholly by the personal momentum be nodiplomatic impasse allowed Personal politics was the key the agingDisraeli was a bemused supporter Cyprus he said You have done awise thing andmore than a little past his peak Lesser Bulgaria roughly contemporary Bulgaria and their homelands is the resulting heritage of the Treaty'sinsistence in favor of theAustro-Hungarian court Dual Alliance agreement betweenthe German throughout the s this German-Austrian alliance was to nuances to the benefit of the German state herepresented Prussia he was building ImperialChancellor Prince Otto von Bismarck saw might have permitted had hebeen an ideologue behind An architect of amodern nation-state Modern German History From the Reformation University Press Richter Werner Bismarck New Pantheon Books Snyder Louis L Otto von Bismarck Germany in the Age of thePresent Day New York E P Dutton Co Inc Pantheon Books ibid Snyder Flenley Richter Snyder Richter If this paper is not what you are looking for, you can search again: Search for: or Click here to request an essay written just for you.